In meningitis, the meninges (membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord) become inflamed. It is most commonly the result of a viral or bacterial infection, but it may also sometimes be caused by a fungal or parasitic infection or result from certain drug reactions. People with reduced immunity are particularly at risk.
The main symptoms of meningitis are fever, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to bright light, and a stiff neck.
In meningococcal meningitis (a type of bacterial meningitis), there may also be a purplish-red rash that does not fade when briefly pressed.
A person with any of these symptoms should seek urgent medical advice. In viral meningitis, the symptoms develop gradually and tend to be mild.
In bacterial meningitis, they may develop within hours. Untreated, it may lead to seizures, drowsiness, and coma, and may be life-threatening. Viral meningitis often clears up without treatment.
Bacterial, fungal, and parasitic meningitis are usually treated with medication.
Occasionally, meningitis may lead to long-term problems, such as hearing loss or brain damage. Vaccines are available to help protect against some types of viral and bacterial meningitis.

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