This is a collection of clotted blood (hematoma) between the skull and outer surface of one of the three membranes covering the brain. It is most commonly caused by a head injury that ruptures a blood vessel. Typically, symptoms develop within hours of the injury. They may include headache, vomiting, drowsiness, paralysis affecting one side of the body, and seizures (“fits”). Anyone with these symptoms should seek urgent medical advice. A hematoma may occur after a person briefly loses consciousness at the time of an injury and then loses consciousness again hours later. In a few cases, bleeding occurs relatively slowly and symptoms may not develop for days. Treatment is with surgery. With prompt treatment, many people make a good recovery, although there may be long-term residual problems, such as weakness. In severe cases, it may be fatal.

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