Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency is a genetic disorder that affects red blood cells, making them more vulnerable to breaking down when exposed to certain triggers. These triggers can lead to hemolytic anemia, a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them.
One of the main triggers for hemolysis in G6PD deficiency is certain foods, along with some medications, infections, and chemicals.
1. Foods to Avoid with G6PD Deficiency
A. Fava Beans (Broad Beans) – The Most Well-Known Trigger
- Fava beans (also called broad beans) contain compounds called vicine and convicine, which can cause severe oxidative stress in red blood cells, leading to hemolysis.
- This reaction is called favism, which can be life-threatening for people with G6PD deficiency.
B. Other Legumes (Sometimes Problematic)
Some people with G6PD deficiency may also react to other legumes, though fava beans are the most dangerous. These include:
- Lentils
- Soybeans (and soy-based products like soy milk, tofu, soy sauce)
- Peas (especially black-eyed peas, chickpeas)
- Green beans (rarely, but possible)
C. Artificial Food Colorings & Preservatives
- Sulfites and artificial food dyes (commonly found in processed foods, soft drinks, and candies) may trigger oxidative stress.
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in excessive amounts may also be problematic.
D. Certain Herbal Products
- Menthol-based products (like peppermint oil, menthol candies) can sometimes cause problems.
- Naphthalene (found in mothballs) is not a food but can trigger hemolysis if inhaled.
2. Medications and Chemicals to Avoid
In addition to food, some medications and chemicals can also trigger hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals. Some of the most dangerous include:
A. Medications to Avoid
- Antibiotics: Sulfa drugs (like sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), nitrofurantoin, and chloramphenicol.
- Painkillers & Fever Medications: Aspirin, ibuprofen (some cases).
- Antimalarial Drugs: Primaquine, chloroquine.
- Certain Anti-inflammatory and Anti-cancer Drugs: Dapsone, methylene blue.
B. Chemicals to Avoid
- Mothballs (Naphthalene)
- Certain Cleaning Agents (Strong Oxidants)
3. Safe Foods for People with G6PD Deficiency
✅ Safe and Recommended Foods
- Fresh fruits and vegetables (except fava beans).
- Whole grains (rice, oats, corn).
- Meat, poultry, and fish.
- Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt).
- Nuts and seeds (except legumes like peanuts).
4. Key Takeaways
- Fava beans are the biggest danger and should be strictly avoided.
- Certain legumes (like soy, lentils, and peas) may also cause reactions in some people.
- Artificial food dyes, preservatives, and sulfites should be avoided.
- Certain medications and chemicals (like aspirin, sulfa drugs, and mothballs) can trigger hemolysis.
- Consult a doctor or dietitian before introducing new foods or medications.