A variety of test strips for urinalysis are available. Some have a specific purpose, e.g. Clinistix ® (glucose), Hemastix ® (blood), and Albustix ® (albumin). Others cast a wider net, with various combinations of the following: Specifi c gravity, pH, Leucocytes, Nitrites, Glucose, Urobilinogen, Bilirubin, Ketones, Albumin or protein, Blood.
Glucose
Glycosuria results when tubular reabsorptive capacity for glucose is exceeded (plasma level >10mmol/L). A valuable screening tool, but less useful for diagnosis and monitoring of DM.Renal glycosuria occurs when proximal tubular injury leads to a failure to reabsorb filtered glucose .
Protein
Convenient, highly specific, but less sensitive. Contain pH-sensitive indicators that change color when bound to negatively charged proteins.Predominantly detect albumin and may not identify large amounts of other proteinsDipsticks have completely superseded sulphosalicylic acid turbidity testing.A +ve result occurs with protein excretion> 300mg/L.Lower amounts of proteinuria, particularly in the context of diabetes 30 – 300mg/day
| Result; | Estimated quantity; |
| Trace | 0.15–0.3g/L |
| + | 0.3g/L |
| ++ | 1g/L |
| +++ | 2.5–5g/L |
| ++++ | >10g/L |
More Details about urine examination