Didanosine

CLINICAL USE

NSAID and analgesic

DOSE IN NORMAL RENAL FUNCTION

75–150 mg daily in divided doses

PHARMACOKINETICS

Molecular weight :318.1

%Protein binding :99.7

%Excreted unchanged in urine : <1

Volume of distribution (L/kg) :0.12–0.17

half-life – normal/ESRD (hrs) :1–2/Unchanged

DOSE IN RENAL IMPAIRMENT

GFR (mL/MIN)

20 to 50 : Dose as in normal renal function

10 to 20 : Dose as in normal renal function, but avoid if possible

<10 : Dose as in normal renal function, but only use if on dialysis

DOSE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPIES

CAPD :Not dialysed. Dose as in normal renal function.

HD :Not dialysed. Dose as in normal renal function.

HDF/high flux :Not dialysed. Dose as in normal renal function.

CAV/VVHD :Not dialysed. Dose as in normal renal function

IMPORTANT DRUG INTERACTIONS

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugsACE inhibitors and angiotensin-II antagonists: antagonism of hypotensive effect; increased risk of nephrotoxicity and hyperkalaemiaAnalgesics: avoid concomitant use of 2 or more NSAIDs, including aspirin (increased side effects); avoid with ketorolac (increased risk of side effects and haemorrhage)Antibacterials: possibly increased risk of convulsions with quinolonesAnticoagulants: effects of coumarins enhanced; possibly increased risk of bleeding with heparins and coumarins; increased risk of haemorrhage with IV diclofenac – avoid concomitant useAntidepressants: increased risk of bleeding with SSRIs and venlafaxineAntidiabetic agents: effects of sulphonylureas enhancedAnti-epileptics: possibly increased phenytoin concentrationAntivirals: increased risk of haematological toxicity with zidovudine; concentration possibly increased by ritonavirCiclosporin: may potentiate nephrotoxicity; concentration increased by ciclosporinCytotoxic agents: reduced excretion of methotrexate; increased risk of bleeding with erlotinibDiuretics: increased risk of nephrotoxicity; antagonism of diuretic effect; hyperkalaemia with potassium-sparing diureticsLithium: excretion decreased Pentoxifylline: increased risk of bleeding Tacrolimus: increased risk of nephrotoxicity

ADMINISTRATION

Reconstition

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Route

Oral, IV, IM, PR

Rate of Administration

25–50 mg over 15–60 minutes; 75 mg over 30–120 minutesContinuous infusion of 5 mg/hour

Comments

Dilute 75 mg in 100–500 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% or glucose 5% buffered with 0.5 mL sodium bicarbonate 8.4%

OTHER INFORMATION

Diclofenac should be used with caution in uraemic patients predisposed to gastrointestinal bleeding or uraemic coagulopathiesInhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by NSAIDs may interfere with renal function, especially in the presence of diclofenac sodium.230 diCLoFEnAC sodiUMexisting renal disease – avoid if possible; if not, check serum creatinine 48–72 hours after starting NSAID – if raised, discontinue NSAID therapy. Use normal doses in patients with ERF on dialysis if they do not pass any urineUse with great caution in renal transplant recipients – can reduce intrarenal autocoid synthesis

See how to identify renal failure stages according to GFR calculation

See how to diagnose irreversible renal disease

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