Medical Education Hub

learning first aid we may sustain lives

Participate yourself in sustaining the other lives

Our lives is a gift from the God, we as human, we should keep our bodies in good health and protect it from any danger it may effect badly on it. Our responsibility to protect lives, seek medical treatment if our bodies feel sick, there is no disease without cure except death. During our lives, we may became sick, by getting medical treatment, we shall improve. Unfortunately there is some medical conditions called cardiac arrest cause cessation of heart lead to sudden death with no time to seek medical treatment. Cardiac arrest can happen in any time, in any place, can be managed by proper immediate first aid. The key of survival is the time. As soon as first aid done, butter results

Why we should learn first aid

”من قتل نفساً بغير نفس فكأنما قتل الناس جميعاً ومن أحياها فكأنما أحيا الناس جميعاً“ (سورة المائدة، الآية 32).

If a person slays a man, it will be as if he had slain the whole of mankind, and that if a person saves a man from death, it will be as if he had saved the whole of mankind.

why i should be envolved

By learning first aid we may sustain lives our families, our friends, the one we love, our collages, our neighbor and strangers we met them in public places

In disasters where Civil Defense unable to manage all the cases

cardiac accidants can occur in any place at any time
In a home or residence 68.5%, Public settings 21% and Nursing homes 10.5%

What Signs and Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest

The first and often only symptom of Sudden Cardiac Arrest is

Loss of consciousness (fainting) due to lack of blood to the brain.

At the same time, no heartbeat or pulse can be felt.

While there are often no warning signs before Sudden Cardiac Arrest occurs some of these symptoms may come before Sudden Cardiac Arrest:

Fatigue or weakness

Shortness of breath

Fainting

Dizziness or light headedness

Heart palpitations

Chest pain

What Are The Common Risk Factors of Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Most heart and blood vessel diseases can lead to sudden cardiac arrest. In the same way, many heart disease risk factors are also risk factors for Sudden Cardiac Arrest.

Common risk factors include:

A family history of coronary heart disease

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Obesity

Diabetes

Sedentary lifestyle

Smoking

Excessive alcohol intake

Age

What is Critical factor effect outcome

The most important factor is to obtain victim medical data, it include:

If he diabetic

If he have allergy

If he have esrd

If he have asthma

If he have coronary artery disease.

If he have enlarged heart (cardiomyopathy).

If he have valvular heart disease

If he have congenital heart disease

If he have electrical problems in the heart

If he have previous episode of cardiac arrest

If he have family history of cardiac arrest

If he using illegal drugs, such as cocaine or amphetamines

If he have nutritional imbalance, such as low potassium

If he have obstructive sleep apnea

If he have Brugada syndrome

If he have Marfan syndrome

If he have neuromuscular causes myasthenia gravis, botulism, poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome), and neuromuscular blocking drugs.
SO PLEASE INFORM YOUR COLLEAGUES IF YOU HAVE ANY, THIS WILL HELP YOU TO GET PROPER HELP IN EMERGENCY CASES

When to tell if someone is DEAD

See if the eyes are still and dilated.

Gently open one of the person’s eyes (if they aren’t open already).

If the person has died, you won’t see any movement of the eyes.

If you have a flashlight handy, shine it in their eyes to see if the pupils get smaller.

After death, the pupils will typically stay open and enlarged even under bright light.

Keep in mind that there are other things that can also cause unresponsive pupils, such as certain types of drugs or damage to the nerves that control pupil and eye movement.

Loss of bladder and bowel control.

What the rescuer keep in mind

Always the rescuer should be safe

Operate in safe place

Do not make a risky actions

Shift the victim to safe place

How can recognize the victim is unresponsive

Shout to get their attention, “Are you OK”

Tapping their shoulder.

A person is considered “unresponsive” if they don’t move or react in any way to stimulation from the outside, such as sound, touch, or strong smells

What is Chest Compression Fraction CCF

Chest compression fraction, or CCF, is the term used to denote the time that chest compressions are performed.

It represents the fraction of time spent performing compressions, that is, the time that the rescuers are in contact with the patient’s chest, divided by the total time of the resuscitation, beginning with the arrival on scene until the return of spontaneous circulation or ROSC.

Expert consensus identifies a CCF of at least 80 percent to promote optimal outcomes

How to improve CCF

By pre-assigned team members roles

Team leader

Compressor

Rescuer managing the airway

Rescuer providing ventilations

Rescuer managing the AED

Recorder

How To Check Pulse

Check for the carotid pulse on the side of the neck.
check Pulse1.jpg

How To Do Chest Compression

One component of CPR is chest compressions. To ensure optimal patient outcomes, high quality CPR must be performed. You can ensure high-quality CPR by providing high quality chest compressions, making sure that the:

Patient is on a firm, flat surface to allow for adequate compression. In a non-healthcare setting this would typically be on the floor or ground, while in a healthcare setting this may be on a stretcher or bed with a CPR board or CPR feature applied.

The chest is exposed to ensure proper hand placement and the ability to visualize chest recoil.

Hands are correctly positioned with the heel of one hand in the center of the chest on the lower half of sternum with the other hand on top. Most rescuers find that interlacing their fingers makes it easier to provide compressions while keeping the fingers off the chest.

Arms are as straight as possible, with the shoulders directly over the hands to promote effective compressions. Locking elbows will help maintain straight arms.

Compressions are given at the correct rate of at least 100 per minute to a maximum of 120 per minute, and at the proper depth of at least 2 inches for an adult to promote adequate circulation.

The chest must be allowed to fully recoil between each compression to allow blood to flow back into the heart following the compression.

How To Do Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilations

If a pocket mask or BVM are not available, you may need to provide mouth to mouth ventilations:

Open the airway past a neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique.

Pinch the nose shut and make a complete seal over the patient’s mouth with your mouth.

Give ventilations by blowing into the patient’s mouth. Ventilations should be given one at a time. Take a break between breaths by breaking the seal slightly between ventilations and then taking a breath before re-sealing over the mouth.

How To Do Mouth To Nose Ventilations

With the head tilted back, close the mouth by pushing on the chin.
Seal your mouth around the patient’s nose and breathe into the nose.
If possible, open the patient’s mouth between ventilations to allow air to escape.

What The Effect Of Hyperventilation

Hyperventilation cause gastric distension and possible emesis

Leads to increased intrathoracic pressure and a subsequent decrease in coronary filling and coronary perfusion pressures by putting pressure on the vena cava.

BVMs can hold greater than 1000 milliliters of volume and should never be completely deflated when providing ventilations

Deflation volume should be around 500 to 600 ml

When To Stop Ventilations

The patient begins to breathe on his or her own.

Another trained rescuer takes over.

The patient has no pulse, in which case you should begin CPR or use an AED if one is available and ready to use.

The scene becomes unsafe

Who To Do Two Rescuer Ventilation

One rescuer gives 1 ventilation every 5 to 6 seconds, which is about 10 ventilations per minute. At the same time, the second rescuer continues giving compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. There is no pause between compressions or ventilations and rescuers do not use the 30 compressions to 2 ventilations ratio. This process is a continuous cycle of compressions and ventilations with no interruption.