learning first aid we may sustain lives





Participate yourself in sustaining the other lives

Our lives is a gift from the God, we as human, we should keep our bodies in good health and protect it from any danger it may effect badly on it. Our responsibility to protect lives, seek medical treatment if our bodies feel sick, there is no disease without cure except death. During our lives, we may became sick, by getting medical treatment, we shall improve. Unfortunately there is some medical conditions called cardiac arrest cause cessation of heart lead to sudden death with no time to seek medical treatment. Cardiac arrest can happen in any time, in any place, can be managed by proper immediate first aid. The key of survival is the time. As soon as first aid done, butter results

Why we should learn first aid
”من قتل نفساً بغير نفس فكأنما قتل الناس جميعاً ومن أحياها فكأنما أحيا الناس جميعاً“ (سورة المائدة، الآية 32).
If a person slays a man, it will be as if he had slain the whole of mankind, and that if a person saves a man from death, it will be as if he had saved the whole of mankind.
why i should be envolved

  • By learning first aid we may sustain lives our families, our friends, the one we love, our collages, our neighbor and strangers we met them in public places
  • In disasters where Civil Defense unable to manage all the cases
  • cardiac accidants can occur in any place at any time
    In a home or residence 68.5%, Public settings 21% and Nursing homes 10.5%

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    What Signs and Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest

    The first and often only symptom of Sudden Cardiac Arrest is

  • Loss of consciousness (fainting) due to lack of blood to the brain.
  • At the same time, no heartbeat or pulse can be felt.
    While there are often no warning signs before Sudden Cardiac Arrest occurs some of these symptoms may come before Sudden Cardiac Arrest:
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fainting
  • Dizziness or light headedness
  • Heart palpitations
  • Chest pain

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    What Are The Common Risk Factors of Sudden Cardiac Arrest

    Most heart and blood vessel diseases can lead to sudden cardiac arrest. In the same way, many heart disease risk factors are also risk factors for Sudden Cardiac Arrest.

    Common risk factors include:

  • A family history of coronary heart disease
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol intake
  • Age

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    What is Critical factor effect outcome

    The most important factor is to obtain victim medical data, it include:

  • If he diabetic
  • If he have allergy
  • If he have esrd
  • If he have asthma
  • If he have coronary artery disease.
  • If he have enlarged heart (cardiomyopathy).
  • If he have valvular heart disease
  • If he have congenital heart disease
  • If he have electrical problems in the heart
  • If he have previous episode of cardiac arrest
  • If he have family history of cardiac arrest
  • If he using illegal drugs, such as cocaine or amphetamines
  • If he have nutritional imbalance, such as low potassium
  • If he have obstructive sleep apnea
  • If he have Brugada syndrome
  • If he have Marfan syndrome
  • If he have neuromuscular causes myasthenia gravis, botulism, poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome), and neuromuscular blocking drugs.
    SO PLEASE INFORM YOUR COLLEAGUES IF YOU HAVE ANY, THIS WILL HELP YOU TO GET PROPER HELP IN EMERGENCY CASES

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    When to tell if someone is DEAD

  • See if the eyes are still and dilated.
  • Gently open one of the person’s eyes (if they aren’t open already).
  • If the person has died, you won’t see any movement of the eyes.
  • If you have a flashlight handy, shine it in their eyes to see if the pupils get smaller.
  • After death, the pupils will typically stay open and enlarged even under bright light.
  • Keep in mind that there are other things that can also cause unresponsive pupils, such as certain types of drugs or damage to the nerves that control pupil and eye movement.
  • Loss of bladder and bowel control.

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    What the rescuer keep in mind

  • Always the rescuer should be safe
  • Operate in safe place
  • Do not make a risky actions
  • Shift the victim to safe place

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    How can recognize the victim is unresponsive

  • Shout to get their attention, “Are you OK”
  • Tapping their shoulder.
  • A person is considered “unresponsive” if they don’t move or react in any way to stimulation from the outside, such as sound, touch, or strong smells

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    What is Chest Compression Fraction CCF

  • Chest compression fraction, or CCF, is the term used to denote the time that chest compressions are performed.
  • It represents the fraction of time spent performing compressions, that is, the time that the rescuers are in contact with the patient’s chest, divided by the total time of the resuscitation, beginning with the arrival on scene until the return of spontaneous circulation or ROSC.
  • Expert consensus identifies a CCF of at least 80 percent to promote optimal outcomes

    How to improve CCF
    By pre-assigned team members roles
  • Team leader
  • Compressor
  • Rescuer managing the airway
  • Rescuer providing ventilations
  • Rescuer managing the AED
  • Recorder
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    How To Check Pulse

  • Check for the carotid pulse on the side of the neck.
    check Pulse1.jpg check pulse2.jpg

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    How To Do Chest Compression

    One component of CPR is chest compressions. To ensure optimal patient outcomes, high quality CPR must be performed. You can ensure high-quality CPR by providing high quality chest compressions, making sure that the:

  • Patient is on a firm, flat surface to allow for adequate compression. In a non-healthcare setting this would typically be on the floor or ground, while in a healthcare setting this may be on a stretcher or bed with a CPR board or CPR feature applied.
  • The chest is exposed to ensure proper hand placement and the ability to visualize chest recoil.
  • Hands are correctly positioned with the heel of one hand in the center of the chest on the lower half of sternum with the other hand on top. Most rescuers find that interlacing their fingers makes it easier to provide compressions while keeping the fingers off the chest.
  • Arms are as straight as possible, with the shoulders directly over the hands to promote effective compressions. Locking elbows will help maintain straight arms.
  • Compressions are given at the correct rate of at least 100 per minute to a maximum of 120 per minute, and at the proper depth of at least 2 inches for an adult to promote adequate circulation.
  • The chest must be allowed to fully recoil between each compression to allow blood to flow back into the heart following the compression.
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    How To Do Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilations

    If a pocket mask or BVM are not available, you may need to provide mouth to mouth ventilations:

  • Open the airway past a neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique.
  • Pinch the nose shut and make a complete seal over the patient’s mouth with your mouth.
  • Give ventilations by blowing into the patient’s mouth. Ventilations should be given one at a time. Take a break between breaths by breaking the seal slightly between ventilations and then taking a breath before re-sealing over the mouth.
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    How To Do Mouth To Nose Ventilations

  • With the head tilted back, close the mouth by pushing on the chin.
    Seal your mouth around the patient’s nose and breathe into the nose.
    If possible, open the patient’s mouth between ventilations to allow air to escape.
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    What The Effect Of Hyperventilation

    Hyperventilation cause gastric distension and possible emesis

  • Leads to increased intrathoracic pressure and a subsequent decrease in coronary filling and coronary perfusion pressures by putting pressure on the vena cava.
  • BVMs can hold greater than 1000 milliliters of volume and should never be completely deflated when providing ventilations
  • Deflation volume should be around 500 to 600 ml
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    When To Stop Ventilations

  • The patient begins to breathe on his or her own.
  • Another trained rescuer takes over.
  • The patient has no pulse, in which case you should begin CPR or use an AED if one is available and ready to use.
  • The scene becomes unsafe
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    Who To Do Two Rescuer Ventilation

    One rescuer gives 1 ventilation every 5 to 6 seconds, which is about 10 ventilations per minute. At the same time, the second rescuer continues giving compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. There is no pause between compressions or ventilations and rescuers do not use the 30 compressions to 2 ventilations ratio. This process is a continuous cycle of compressions and ventilations with no interruption.

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    If the victim is unconscious

    Fire up these in Systematic Approach:

    AVPU

  • Alert—fully awake, but may still be confused
  • Verbal—responds to verbal stimuli
  • Painful—responds to painful stimuli
  • Unresponsive—does not respond
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    What The Differences Betwwen Adult Child and Infant CPR
    Who To Differentiate Types Of Chest Pain
  • BLS Assessment
  • Primary Assessement
  • Secondery Assessment
  • Return Of Spontaneos Circulation (ROSC)

    BLS Assessment

  • Assess the enviroment safty, do not start CPR in sorounding dangers
  • Baseic concenept is start CPR and give defibrillation early withot delay
  • Begin CPR even if you are not sure about presence of Pulse
  • unneeded compression is less harmful than postponed compressions
  • delaying CPR reduces the chance of survival and good neurologic outcome

    Steps

  • Check responiveness
  • Tap and shout "Are uou OK"
  • Shout for help
  • Activate the emergency system
  • Get the AED of available
  • While assessing consciousness evaluate the patient’s Pulse and airway.
  • If the patient is face-down, you must roll the patient onto his or her back, taking care not to create or worsen an injury.

    • If the victim unresponsive, start CPR immediatly

    One Rescuer
               
    Two Rescuer
               
    Two Rescuer With EAD