about Oxytetracycline class, uses, side effects contraindications
Oxytetracycline
Short Description
Oxytetracycline is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline group, and it is used to treat several types of infections, such as: infections that affect the skin, respiratory tract, urinary tract, ears and eyes, as it works by inhibiting the process of manufacturing proteins necessary for bacterial growth and reproduction.
Use oxytetracycline as an alternative if you are allergic to penicillin or macrolides.
Oxytetracycline, similar to other tetracyclines, may cause staining in developing teeth and bone growth disturbances.?Therefore, it is not recommended for use in children and pregnant women.
Oxytetracycline is commonly found in pharmaceutical preparations in combination with other antibiotics called polymyxin B sulphate, a family of polymyxins. Oxytetracycline is also present in a wide range of veterinary preparations.
The side effects in topical use are rare, but if it is used orally, it may have effects in the digestive system such as: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In addition, the drug may cause an increased sensitivity to light
Category
Chemical class: Tetracycline derived from Streptomyces rimosus
Therapeutic class: Antibiotic, antiprotozoal
Pregnancy category: D
Indications
To treat systemic bacterial and protozoal infections, such as bronchitis, chlamydial infection, Lyme disease, nongonococcal urethritis, rickettsial infection, traveler’s diarrhea, and UTI (OXYTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE) Adults and adolescents. 250 to 500 mg every 6 hr. Maximum: 4,000 mg daily. Children ages 8 to 12. 6.25 to 12.5 mg/kg every 6 hr.
I.M.INJECTION(OXYTETRACYCLINE) Adults and adolescents. 100 mg every 8 hr, 150 mg every 12 hr, or 250 mg daily. Maximum: 500 mg daily. Children ages 8 to 12. 5 to 8.3 mg/kg every 8 hr or 7.5 to 12.5 mg/kg every 12 hr. Maximum: 250 mg daily.
DOSAGE ADJUSTMENT Dosage possibly reduced for patients with renal impairment. To treat brucellosis (OXYTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE) Adults and adolescents. 500 mg every 6 hr for 3 wk with 1,000 mg of streptomycin I.M. every 12 hr in wk 1 and daily in wk 2. Maximum: 4,000 mg daily. To treat uncomplicated gonorrhea (OXYTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE) Adults and adolescents. Initial: 1,500 mg, then 500 mg every 6 hr to total of 9,000 mg for full course of treatment. To treat syphilis (OXYTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE) Adults and adolescents. 500 to 1,000 mg every 6 hr for 10 to 15 days to total of 30 to 40 g for full course of treatment.
Mechanism of Action
Binds with ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria and alters cytoplasmic membrane, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and rendering the organism ineffective.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines or their components
Interactions
antacids, calcium supplements, cholestyramine, choline salicylates, colestipol, iron supplements, magnesium salicylates: Possibly decreased absorption of oxytetracycline digoxin: Increased blood digoxin level lithium: Altered blood lithium level
methoxyflurane: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity oral anticoagulants: Increased anticoagulant effects oral contraceptives: Decreased contraceptive effectiveness, increased risk of breakthrough bleeding and pregnancy penicillins: Decreased bactericidal effects of penicillins sodium bicarbonate: Possibly decreased absorption of oral oxytetracycline vitamin A: Increased risk of benign intracranial hypertension all , especially dairy products: Possibly interference with oxytetracycline absorption
Side Efect
CNS: Dizziness, light-headedness, tiredness, unsteadiness, weakness
EENT: Darkened, discolored, or sore tongue; stomatitis, tooth discoloration (in infants and children under age 8)
GI: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, indigestion, nausea, thirst, vomiting
GU: Urinary frequency
SKIN: Photosensitivity
Other: Superinfection
Cautions
WARNING Be aware that oxytetracycline shouldn’t be given to premature infants because it may impair skeletal growth or to children under age 8 because it may permanently discolor teeth and cause enamel hypoplasia.
For an adult, give I.M. injection in upper outer quadrant of buttocks or mid-lateral thigh; deltoid muscle may be used but only if well developed. In children, give injection only in mid-lateral thigh. Be aware that patient should be switched from parenteral to oral form as soon as possible. PATIENT SAFTY
Instruct patient to take oxytetracycline capsules 1 hour before meals and 3 hours before or after other and dairy products. Advise patient to take drug with a full glass of water and in an upright position to minimize adverse GI reactions. Urge patient to complete entire course of oxytetracycline therapy, even if he feels better beforehand. Caution patient to avoid hazardous activities until drug’s CNS effects are known. Advise patient to avoid excessive sun exposure and to protect skin when outdoors. Urge female patient who uses oral contraceptives to use an additional form of birth control during oxytetracycline therapy. Advise patient to discard outdated capsules because drug may become toxic.
Trade Name & Company Name
effect of Oxytetracycline in Pregnancy, Fetal Health
and Breast feeding
Pregnancy
. When penicillin is contraindicated, tetracyclines are alternative drugs for the treatment of N. gonorrhoeae, T. pallidum and T. pertenue (syphilis and yaws), Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium species, B. anthracis, Fusobacterium fusiforme (Vincent?s infection), and Actinomyces species. There are no adequate reports or well-controlled studies of oxytetracycline in pregnant women. Tetracyclines are generally considered contraindicated during Pregnancy
because of their effect on the fetal teeth. Fetal Health
There are no adequate reports or well-controlled studies in human fetuses. Oxytetracycline rapidly crosses the placenta and blood-brain barrier. Epidemiologic study links 1st trimester use of oxytetracycline with NTDs, cleft palate, and CV malformations. Tetracyclines in general are known to cause tooth discoloration when given in the 2nd half of Pregnancy
and during the neonatal period. They are incorporated into fetal bones in a reversible fashion. Rodent studies are reassuring, revealing no evidence of teratogenicity despite the use of doses higher than those used clinically. However, oxytetracycline produced dose-dependent maternal and embryo toxicity. 838 Breastfeeding
There is no published experience in nursing women. It is unknown whether oxytetracycline enters human breast milk. Other tetracyclines are excreted in breast milk.
the follwing drugs will increse Oxytetracycline by inhepiting cyp450
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the follwing drugs will decrease Oxytetracycline by inhancing cyp450
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trad drugs based on Oxytetracycline
| Gen name | Trade name | Catagory name |
| oxytetracycline | Terramycin | Tetracyclines |
| oxytetracycline / polymyxin b | Terramycin with Polymyxin B Sulfate | Ophthalmic anti-infectives |
| Oxytetracycline | IMPERACINE 250MG TAB | |
| Oxytetracycline | OXYTETRACYCLINE OINT 3% | |
other drugs from same cataogory