about Lomefloxacin class, uses, side effects contraindications
Lomefloxacin
Short Description
Lomefloxacin is a fluoroquinolones antibiotic used to prevent and treat a wide range of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms, such as:
bronchitis.
Cystitis.
Urinary tract infections.
skin infections;
Prostatitis.
Salmonella enteric fever.
Gastroenteritis caused by salmonella bacteria.
Shigellosis.
Transurethral resection of the prostate.
Bacterial infections that affect the conjunctiva and eyelids when used as??an eye?drop .
Category
Chemical class: Fluoroquinolone
Therapeutic class: Antibiotic
Pregnancy category: C
Indications and Dosage To treat mild to moderate lower respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible organisms, including Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis
Adults. 400 mg daily for 10 days. To treat uncomplicated cystitis caused by Escherichia coli; to treat uncomplicated cystitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Adults. 400 mg daily for 3 days. To treat complicated UTI caused by Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Adults. 400 mg daily for 14 days. To provide prophylaxis for transurethral surgery
Adults.400 mg as a single dose 2 to 6 hr before surgery. To provide prophylaxis for transrectal biopsy
Adults. 400 mg as a single dose 1 to 6 hr before surgery. To treat gonorrhea (as alternative to ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin)
Adults. 400 mg as a single dose.
DOSAGE ADJUSTMENT For patients with creatinine clearance between 11 and 39 ml/ min/1.73 m2, loading dose of 400 mg given on day 1 and followed by 200 mg daily.
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, which normally is responsible for unwinding and supercoiling of bacterial DNA before it replicates. By inhibiting this enzyme, lomefloxacin interferes with bacterial cell replication and causes cell death.
Contraindications
History of tendinitis or tendon rupture, hypersensitivity to lomefloxacin or any quinolone derivative
Interactions
aluminum-, calcium-, or magnesiumcontaining antacids; iron salts; sucralfate; zinc: Decreased absorption and blood level of lomefloxacin cyclosporine: Possibly increased blood cyclosporine level, increased nephrotoxicity probenecid: Decreased lomefloxacin excretion, increased risk of toxicity
warfarin: Possibly increased anticoagulant effect and risk of bleeding
Side Efect
CNS: Ataxia, cerebral thrombosis, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, headache, insomnia, nervousness, peripheral neuropathy, phobia, vertigo
CV: Prolonged QT interval, torsades de pointes, vasculitis
EENT: Diplopia, laryngeal edema, oral candidiasis, painful oral mucosa, taste perversion
GI: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, hepatitis, indigestion, nausea, pseudomembranous colitis, vomiting
GU: Interstitial nephritis, polyuria, renal failure, urine retention, vaginal candidiasis
HEME: Hemolytic anemia
MS: Tendinitis, tendon rupture
RESP: Pulmonary edema
SKIN: Exfolitaive dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis
Other: Anaphylaxis
Cautions
Know that lomefloxacin shouldn’t be given to patients with QT-interval prolongation or hypokalemia or to patients taking class IA antiarrhythmics (such as quinidine or procainamide) or class III antiarrhythmics (such as amiodarone or sotalol) because of increased risk of torsades de pointes. Expect to obtain body fluid or tissue sample for culture and sensitivity testing and to review results, if possible, before lomefloxacin therapy begins. If patient’s culture test results are positive for gonorrhea, expect to obtain serologic test for syphilis at diagnosis and to repeat test 3 months after lomefloxacin therapy. Give drug with meals and a full glass of water. Ensure that patient maintains adequate fluid intake during therapy. Monitor for evidence of secondary infections, such as sore mouth or vaginal discharge. Notify prescriber if patient experiences severe or prolonged diarrhea, which may indicate pseudomembranous colitis. Be aware that prolonged use may lead to growth of drug-resistant organisms. Notify prescriber and expect to stop lomefloxacin if patient develops symptoms of peripheral neuropathy (pain, burning, tingling, numbness, weakness, or changes in sensations of light touch, pain, temperature, position, or vibration) to prevent an irreversible condition or tendon rupture that requires immediate rest and avoidance of exercise involving affected area. PATIENT SAFTY
Advise patient to take lomefloxacin at same time each day with meals and with a full glass of water. Caution patient not to take antacids, iron, sucralfate, or zinc 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking lomefloxacin because these preparations impair drug absorption. Urge patient to drink plenty of fluids during treatment. Instruct patient to complete full course of therapy, even if symptoms subside. Advise patient to notify prescriber if symptoms don’t improve within a few days after starting lomefloxacin or if severe GI distress or diarrhea develops. Instruct patient to notify prescriber and stop taking drug if she has tendon inflamlomefloxacin hydrochloride 604 mation or pain; advise her to rest until tendinitis and tendon rupture have been ruled out. Urge patient to avoid direct sunlight, to wear protective clothing, and to use sunscreen because photosensitivity reactions can occur during therapy and for several days afterward. Explain that risk of photosensitivity can be decreased by taking lomefloxacin at least 12 hours before sun exposure. Urge patient to stop drug and notify prescriber at first sign of photosensitivity, such as skin burning, redness, swelling, blisters, rash, itching, or dermatitis. Inform patient that an allergic reaction may occur after a single dose. Tell patient to stop lomefloxacin and notify prescriber if rash or other allergic reaction develops. Caution patient to avoid hazardous activities until drug’s CNS effects are known.
Trade Name & Company Name
effect of Lomefloxacin in Pregnancy, Fetal Health
and Breast feeding
Pregnancy
. This quinolone has poor efficacy against anaerobic infections. There are no studies of lomefloxacin in pregnant women. Superior agents are usually available. Fetal Health
There are no adequate reports or well-controlled studies in human fetuses. It is unknown whether lomefloxacin crosses the human placenta. Animal studies (mice, dogs, rabbits) report that several quinolones lead to arthropathy, and this toxicity resulted in the recommended restricted use in pregnant women. However, not all quinolones have the same potency on cartilage growth. Further, the use of quinolones during the 1st trimester of Pregnancy
is not associated with an increased risk of malformations or musculoskeletal conditions. Rodent and monkey studies are reassuring, revealing no evidence of teratogenicity or IUGR despite the use of doses higher than those used clinically. There was evidence of embryo and fetal toxicity at high doses. Breastfeeding
There is no published experience with lomefloxacin in nursing women. Other quinolones are excreted into human breast milk.
the follwing drugs will increse Lomefloxacin by inhepiting cyp450
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the follwing drugs will decrease Lomefloxacin by inhancing cyp450
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trad drugs based on Lomefloxacin
| Gen name | Trade name | Catagory name |
| lomefloxacin | Maxaquin | Quinolones |
| Lomefloxacin | LOMAX 400MG TAB | |
| Lomefloxacin | OKACIN 0.3% EYE DROPS | |
other drugs from same cataogory