about Amiloride class, uses, side effects contraindications

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Amiloride

Short Description

Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that is given in combination with another type of diuretic in the same tablet for the treatment of patients suffering from?hypertension??,?congestive heart failure??and other edematous conditions.
Since amiloride leads to the retention of potassium ions in the body, caution should be exercised when administering it to patients who are taking other potassium-sparing medicines or to patients with kidney disease or diabetes.
One of the main advantages of amiloride in the treatment of high blood pressure is its cheap price.

Pregnancy category: B

Indications

As adjunct to thiazide or loop diuretic in patient with heart failure or hypertension to correct diuretic-induced hypokalemia or to prevent diuretic-induced hypokalemia that increases the risk of arrhythmias or other complications
Adults. 5 to 10 mg daily as single dose; if hypokalemia persists, increased to 15 mg daily and then 20 mg daily. Route Onset Peak Duration P.O. 2 hr 6–10 hr 24 hr

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubules and cortical collecting ducts, causing sodium and water loss and enhancing potassium retention.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to amiloride; impaired renal function; serum potassium level above 5.5 mEq/L; therapy with another potassiumsparing diuretic, such as spironolactone or triamterene, or a potassium supplement

Interactions

angiotensin II receptor antagonists, captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, potassium products, spironolactone: Increased risk of hyperkalemia digoxin: Decreased effectiveness of digoxin lithium: Reduced renal clearance of lithium and increased risk of lithium toxicity
NSAIDs: Reduced diuretic effect of amiloride sympathomimetics: Possibly reduced antihypertensive effects of amiloride high-potassium food: Increased risk of hyperkalemia

Side Efect

CNS: Confusion, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, encephalopathy, fatigue, headache, insomnia, nervousness, paresthesia, somnolence, tremor, vertigo
CV: Angina, arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations
EENT: Dry mouth, increased intraocular pressure, nasal congestion, tinnitus, vision disturbances
GI: Abdominal pain or fullness, anorexia, appetite changes, constipation, diarrhea, GI bleeding, heartburn, indigestion, nausea, thirst, vomiting
GU: Bladder spasms, dysuria, impotence, loss of libido, polyuria
HEME: Aplastic anemia, neutropenia
MS: Arthralgia, muscle spasms or weakness
RESP: Cough, dyspnea
SKIN: Alopecia, jaundice, pruritus, rash
Other: Dehydration, hyperchloremia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, metabolic acidosis

Cautions

Administer amiloride with food to reduce GI upset and early in the day to minimize sleep interference from polyuria.

Monitor renal function test results, fluid intake and output, and weight. Also monitor serum potassium level to detect hyperkalemia.
WARNING Don’t administer amiloride with other potassium-sparing diuretics.

PATIENT SAFTY

Warn patient to avoid high-potassium food and salt substitutes that contain potassium.

Advise patient to consult prescriber before taking other , including OTC remedies, especially sympathomimetics.

Tell patient to report dizziness, trembling, numbness, and muscle weakness or spasms.

Advise patient to increase fluid and fiber intake to prevent constipation.

Warn patient to expect reversible hair loss and impotence.

Trade Name & Company Name

Trade name	Company name
MODURETIC 5-50MG TABLETS	Algorithm SAL
APO-AMILZIDE	APOTEX
AMURETIC	DAR ALDAWA

effect of Amiloride in Pregnancy, Fetal Health and Breast feeding

Pregnancy

. There are no adequate reports or well-controlled studies of amiloride in pregnant women. The published experience is limited to the occasional case report.

Fetal Health

There are no adequate reports or well-controlled studies in human fetuses. Amiloride crosses the placenta in modest amounts. Rodent studies are reassuring, revealing no evidence of teratogenicity or IUGR despite the use of doses 20-25higher than the MRHD.

Breastfeeding

Amiloride is concentrated in breast milk and should probably be avoided while breastfeeding.

the follwing drugs will increse Amiloride by inhepiting cyp450

No File found

the follwing drugs will decrease Amiloride by inhancing cyp450