about Amikacin class, uses, side effects contraindications
Amikacin
Short Description
Amikacin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminoglycoside family. Amikacin is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including: respiratory tract infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, blood infections, and bone infections.
The mechanism of action of amikacin is to inhibit the process of multiplication and multiplication of bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria such as those that cause?urinary tract infections?, and a portion of Gram-positive bacteria such as those that cause?endocarditis?.
Amikacin is used in the second-line treatment of infections that have shown resistance to other aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as: gentamicin and tobramycin.
Category
Chemical class: Aminoglycoside
Therapeutic class: Antibiotic
Pregnancy category: D
Indications
To treat serious gram-negative bacterial infections (including septicemia; neonatal sepsis; respiratory tract, bone, joint, CNS, skin, soft-tissue, intra-abdominal, burn, and postoperative infections; and serious, complicated, and recurrent UTI) caused by Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, and Serratia; and staphylococcal infections when penicillin is contraindicated
IV:,
I.M.INJECTION Adults and children.15 mg/kg daily in equal doses at equally spaced intervals (7.5 mg/kg every 12 hr or 5 mg/kg every 8 hr) for 7 to 10 days. Maximum: 1,500 mg daily.
DOSAGE ADJUSTMENT For patients with impaired renal function, loading dose of 7.5 mg/kg daily; then maintenance dosage based on creatinine clearance and serum creatinine level and given every 12 hr. For morbidly obese patients, dosage not to exceed 1.5 g daily. Neonates. Loading dose: 10 mg/kg. Maintenance: 7.5 mg/kg every 12 hr for 7 to 10 days. To treat uncomplicated UTI
IV:,
I.M.INJECTION
Adults.250 mg b.i.d. for 7 to 10 days. Route Onset Peak Duration I.V. Immediate Unknown Unknown I.M. Rapid Unknown Unknown
Mechanism of Action
Binds to negatively charged sites on bacteria’s outer cell membrane, disrupting cell integrity. Also binds to bacterial ribosomal subunits and inhibits protein synthesis. Both actions lead to cell death. Incompatibilties Don’t mix or infuse amikacin with other .
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to amikacin or other aminoglycosides
Interactions
cephalosporins, enflurane, methoxyflurane, vancomycin: Increased nephrotoxic effects general anesthetics: Increased risk of neuromuscular blockade loop diuretics: Increased risk of ototoxicity neuromuscular blockers: Possibly increased neuromuscular blockade and prolonged respiratory depression penicillins: Possibly inactivation of or synergistic effects with amikacin
Side Efect
CNS: Drowsiness, headache, loss of balance, neuromuscular blockade, tremor, vertigo
EENT: Hearing loss, ototoxicity, tinnitus amikacin sulfate 60
GI: Nausea, vomiting
GU: Azotemia, dysuria, nephrotoxicity, oliguria or polyuria, proteinuria
MS: Acute muscle paralysis; arthralgia; muscle fatigue, spasms, and weakness
RESP: Apnea
Other: Hyperkalemia
Cautions
Expect to obtain results of culture and sensitivity testing before therapy begins. Prepare amikacin I.V. solution by adding contents of 500-mg vial to 100 to 200 ml of sterile diluent. Then infuse drug over 30 to 60 minutes. Give I.M. injection in large muscle mass. Watch for signs of ototoxicity, such as tinnitus and vertigo, especially during highdosage or prolonged amikacin therapy.
WARNING Because amikacin may produce nephrotoxic effects, assess renal function before and daily during therapy, as ordered. To minimize renal tubule irritation, maintain hydration during therapy. Be aware that amikacin may exacerbate muscle weakness in such conditions as myasthenia gravis and Parkinson’s disease. Measure serum amikacin concentrations as ordered, usually 30 to 90 minutes after injection (for peak concentration) and just before administering next dose (for trough concentration). PATIENT SAFTY
Tell patient that daily laboratory tests are necessary during treatment. Instruct patient to report ringing in ears, hearing changes, headache, nausea, vomiting, and changes in urination.
Trade Name & Company Name
effect of Amikacin in Pregnancy, Fetal Health
and Breast feeding
Pregnancy
. There are no adequate reports or well-controlled studies of amikacin in pregnant women. Pregnancy
increases the maternal clearance of aminoglycosides in general. Women with normal renal function should receive a dose of amikacin that reflects the increased clearance. Fetal Health
There are no adequate reports or well-controlled studies in human fetuses. Placental transfer of amikacin may be slightly higher than the b-lactams but is lower than maternal levels. 29 Aminoglycosides can damage the fetal kidney presumably because of delayed clearance, and irreversible failure has been reported after some aminoglycosides, but not amikacin. Amikacin may have less fetal renal toxicity than gentamicin. There is no evidence of teratogenicity or interference with fertility. Rodent studies are reassuring, revealing no evidence of teratogenicity or IUGR despite the use of doses higher than those used clinically. Breastfeeding
Amikacin is excreted into breast milk, but at low concentrations. Oral absorption is poor, suggesting little systemic risk to the neonate.
the follwing drugs will increse Amikacin by inhepiting cyp450
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the follwing drugs will decrease Amikacin by inhancing cyp450
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trad drugs based on Amikacin
| Gen name | Trade name | Catagory name |
| Amikacin | AMIKACIN 500MG-2ML INJ VIAL (IV,IM) | |
| Amikacin | AMIKIN AMP 100MG-2ML | |
| Amikacin | AMIKIN AMP 500MG-2ML | |
| Amikacin | MIACIN 100MG-2ML AMP | |
| Amikacin | MIACIN 500MG-2ML AMP | |
| Amikacin | MIKACIN 100MG-2ML INJ. | |
| Amikacin | MIKACIN 500MG-2 ML AMP | |
other drugs from same cataogory
| Gen name | trade name | catogry |