reduces blood pressure
Evidence Statement: Weight loss produced by lifestyle modifications reduces blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients. Evidence Category A.
overweight nonhypertensive individuals.
Evidence Statement: Weight loss produced by lifestyle modifications reduces blood pressure in overweight nonhypertensive individuals. Evidence Category A.
aerobic activity.
Evidence Statement: Increased aerobic activity to increase cardiorespiratory fitness reduces blood pressure independent of weight loss. Evidence Category A.
high blood pressure.
RECOMMENDATION: Weight loss is recommended to lower elevated blood pressure in overweight and obese persons with high blood pressure. Evidence Category A.
HDL-cholesterol
Evidence Statement: Weight loss produced by lifestyle modifications reduces serum triglycerides and increases HDL-cholesterol, and generally produces some reductions in serum total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. Evidence Category A.
blood lipids.
Evidence Statement: Weight loss produced by weight loss medications and adjuvant lifestyle modifications produces no consistent change in blood lipids. Evidence Category B.
abdominal fat
Evidence Statement: Limited evidence suggests that decreases in abdominal fat correlate with improvements in the lipid profile of overweight individuals, although these improvements have not been shown to be independent of weight loss. Evidence Category C.
cardiorespiratory fitness
Evidence Statement: Increased aerobic activity to increase cardiorespiratory fitness favorably affects blood lipids, particularly if accompanied by weight loss. Evidence Category A.
total cholesterol
RECOMMENDATION: Weight loss is recommended to lower elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and to raise low levels of HDL cholesterol in overweight and obese persons with dyslipidemia. Evidence Category A.
overweight nonhypertensive individuals.
Evidence Statement: Weight loss produced by lifestyle modifications reduces blood pressure in overweight nonhypertensive individuals. Evidence Category A.
blood glucose
Evidence Statement: Weight loss produced by lifestyle modifications, reduces blood glucose levels in overweight and obese persons without type 2 diabetes, and reduces blood glucose levels and HbA1c in some patients with type 2 diabetes. Evidence Category A.
type 2 diabetes
Evidence Statement: Weight loss produced by weight loss medications has not been shown to be any better than weight loss through lifestyle modification for improving blood glucose levels in overweight or obese persons both with and without type 2 diabetes. Evidence Category B.
overweight nonhypertensive individuals.
Evidence Statement: Decreases in abdominal fat improve glucose tolerance in overweight individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, although this has not been shown to be independent of weight loss. Evidence Category C.
blood pressure
Evidence Statement: Weight loss produced by lifestyle modifications reduces blood pressure in overweight nonhypertensive individuals. Evidence Category A.
elevated blood glucose
RECOMMENDATION: Weight loss is recommended to lower elevated blood glucose levels in overweight and obese persons with type 2 diabetes. Evidence Category A.
improves glucose tolerance
Evidence Statement: Increased cardiorespiratory fitness improves glucose tolerance in overweight individuals, but no evidence shows this relationship to be independent of weight loss. Evidence Category C.
lifestyle modifications
Evidence Statement: Weight loss produced by most weight loss medications (except for sibutramine) and adjuvant lifestyle modifications is accompanied by reductions in blood pressure. Evidence Category B. .