BONE MINERAL DENSITY BMD
aborashyd83 amount of mineral matter per square centimeter of bones ,measured areal density in g cm−2z-score, the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for the patient’s age, sex…
BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Infection is a leading cause of hospitalization and death in hemodialysis patients. Bloodstream infections are a particularly severe form of infection that can occur in these patients.It estimate that about…
MEDICATIONS INCREASES THE RISK OF IODINATED CONTRAST-INDUCED RF
Metformin NSAIDs Nephrotoxic antimicrobials
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF SOLUTES RANGE
Small molecules <500 urea (60), creatinine (113), phosphate (134) Middle molecules 500-15000 vitamin B12 (1355), vancomycin (1448), insulin (5200), endotoxin fragments (1000-15000), β2-microgobulin (11818) Large molecules >15000 myoglobin (17000), EPO…
DIALYSIS RELATED URGENCY
pulmonary edema: main manifestation: severe dyspnea with dry cough, Intense sweating, irritable, severe hypertension basic treatment in emergency room till dialysis begins: o2 therapy in high concentration Lasix high dose…
Peritoneal Dialysis Access
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter insertion can be accomplished by any 1 of 3 techniques.These include dissective or surgical, the blind or modified Seldinger, and laparoscopic techniques.The dissective technique solely utilized…
FIBRIN SHEATH FORMATION
Fibrin sheath develops around the catheter.The sheath acts like a one-way valve and prevents adequate and free pulling of blood through the catheter.The fibrin sheath can be disrupted either with…
DIALYZER INCOMPATIBILITY
Complement Activation Complement activation products include: anaphylatoxins such as C3a, which may cause allergic reactions during dialysis, and can also lead to acute intradialytic pulmonary hypertension,chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and…
DEPRESSION IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Depression is a feeling of deep, deep sadness, despondency, and dejection.It negatively affects how we feel, the way we think, and how we act.It causes feelings of sadness and/or a…
PHYSICAL RESPONSES
Many of us don’t realize the physical damage that anxiety and depression can cause. Because we are already in a weakened state, this damage can be more severe on us…