Iron studies
aborashyd83 Serum ferritin a. Definition: Ferritin is a soluble iron-binding storage protein (1) Synthesized by BM MPs and hepatocytes (2) Ferritin keeps iron in a nontoxic form. (3) MPs are the…
Preparation to fifth stage
you may progress to end stage kidney disease which require Renal Replacement Therapy Renal Replacement Therapy include two options :Dialysis either Hemodialysis Or Peritoneal DialysisKidney Transplant cadaver or living donor…
management of fourth stage renal failure
The aim is to: Slow down the progression Treat underling cause Manage the complications Preperation to fifth stage Slow down the progression control blood pressurecontrol blood sugerlow protien diet, less…
The kidney is very important organ
It supplied about 20 % of cardiac output Cardiac output is about 72 ml per peat, 72 peat per min average 5200 ml per minute Renal blood flow is about…
Proteinuria
proteinuria is defined as urinary protein excretion of greater than 150 mg per day.Urinary protein excretion in healthy persons varies considerably and may reach proteinuric levels under several circumstances.Most dipstick…
Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract
Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is a group of abnormalities affecting the kidneys or other structures of the urinary tract. The additional parts of the urinary tract…
Types of Proteinuria
TYPE DEFINITION CAUSES Functional Protein <2 g/24 hrNot associated with renal disease Fever, exercise, congestive heart failureOrthostatic (postural): occurs with standing and is absent in the recumbent state. Urine protein…
NONSTEROIDAL
NSAIDs have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities largely related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis; exact mechanisms of action are not known. Indications Relief of signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis,…
NITRATES
Nitrates are antianginals. They relax vascular smooth muscle with a resultant decrease in venous return and decrease in arterial blood pressure, which reduces left ventricular workload and decreases myocardial oxygen…
ACE INHIBITORS
ACE inhibitors block ACE in the lungs from converting angiotensin I, activated when renin is released from the kidneys, to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor. Blocking this conversion leads to…