DESCRIPTION
Folic Acid -A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B1 -Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the
CHEMICAL FORMULA
C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue. Vitamin B12 -Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin’s structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. T
CATEGORIES
Folic Acid -Hematinics,Vitamin B Complex,Dietary Supplements,Micronutrients,Supplements. Vitamin B1 -Vitamin B Complex,Vitamins. Vitamin B12 -Vitamin B Complex,Vitamins,Anti-anemic Agents. Vitamin B3 – Vitamins. Vitamin C- Antioxidants,Vitamins,Ascorbic Acid. Pyridoxine-Vitamin B Complex, Vitamins.Riboflavine -Vitamin B Complex, Photosensitizing Agents.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
Folic Acid -C19H19N7O6,Vitamin B1 -C12H17N4OS. Vitamin B12 -C63H89CoN14O14P.Vitamin B3 – C6H6N2O.Vitamin B5 – C9H17NO5. Vitamin C-C6H8O6. Pyridoxine-C8H11NO3.Riboflavine -C17H20N4O6.
COMPOSITION
(Vitamin A (As Palmitate) -1600 IU+Vitamin E Acetate -5 Mg+Vitamin D3-100 IU+Vitamin B1-1 Mg+Vitamin B2-1 Mg+Vitamin B6 0.5mg+Vitamin B12-0.5 Mcg+Vitamin C-2.5 Mg+Folic Acid -50 Mcg+Calcium Pantothenate-1mg+Nicotinamide-15mg+Copper (As Copper Sulphate )-45 Mcg+Iodine (As Potassium Iodide)-0.075mg+Manganese (As Manganase Sulphate )-0.5 Mg+Magnesium ( As Magnesium Sulphate )-3 Mg+Zinc(As Zinc Sulphate )-0.5mg+Potassium (As Potassium Sulphate)-2mg+Di Basic Calcium Phosphate Eq.To Elementary Calcium -75 Mg+ Elementary Phosphorus-58 Mg+Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate Eq.To Molybdenum-0.1mg
INDICATION
Folic Acid -For treatment of folic acid deficiency, megaloblastic anemia and in anemias of nutritional supplements, pregnancy, infancy, or childhood. Vitamin B1 -For the treatment of thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakov’s alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis. Vitamin B12 -For treatment of pernicious anemia (due to lack of or inhibition of intrinsic factor) and for prevention and treatment of vitamin B 12 deficiency.Vitamin B3 – It is used to help growth and good health. This vitamin is used to stop or treat niacin deficiency. Vitamin B6-It is used to help growth and good health. It is used to stop and treat low vitamin B6. It is used to avoid side effects from isoniazid. It is used to treat isoniazid or cycloserine overdose.Vitamin C- Used to treat vitamin C deficiency, scurvy, delayed wound and bone healing, urine acidification, and in general as an antioxidant. It has also been suggested to be an effective antiviral agent.Pyridoxine-For the treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and for the prophylaxis of isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy.Riboflavine -For the treatment of ariboflavinosis (vitamin B2 deficiency).
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Folic Acid -Folic acid, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, is found in foods such as liver, kidneys, yeast, and leafy, green vegetables. Folic acid is used to diagnose folate deficiency and to treat topical sprue and megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias, hematologic complications resulting from a deficiency in folic acid. Vitamin B1 -Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions.
No Information
ABSORPTION
Vitamin B1 -Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes. Vitamin B12 -Readily absorbed in the lower half of the ileum. Pyridoxine-The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Pyridoxine is absorbed mainly in the jejunum.Riboflavine -Vitamin B2 is readily absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
METABOLISM
Folic Acid -Hepatic.Vitamin B1 -Hepatic. Vitamin B12 -Hepatic.Vitamin C- Hepatic. Ascorbic acid is reversibly oxidised (by removal of the hydrogen from the enediol group of ascorbic acid) to dehydroascorbic acid. The two forms found in body fluids are physiologically active. Some ascorbic acid is metabolized to inactive compounds including ascorbic acid-2-sulfate and oxalic acid.Pyridoxine-Hepatic. Riboflavine -Hepatic.
ELIMINATION
Folic Acid -Folic Acid is metabolized in the liver to 7, 8-dihydrofolic acid and eventually to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid with the aid of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH) and folate reductases. A majority of the metabolic products appeared in the urine after 6 hours; excretion was generally complete within 24 hours. Folic Acid is also excreted in the milk of lactating mothers.
HALF LIFE
Vitamin B12 -Approximately 6 days (400 days in the liver).Vitamin C- 16 days (3.4 hours in people who have excess levels of vitamin C).Pyridoxine-15-20 days.Riboflavine -66-84 minutes
TOXICITY
Folic Acid -PR-MUS LD50 85 mg/kg,IVN-GPG LD50 120 mg/kg, IVN-MUS L50 239 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD50 500 mg/kg, IVN-RBT LD50 410 mg/kg. Vitamin B1 -Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg. Vitamin B12 -Anaphylactic reaction (skin rash, itching, wheezing)-after parenteral administration. ORL-MUS LD50 > 8000 mg/kg.Pyridoxine-Oral Rat LD50 = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness.
FOOD INTERACTIONS
avoid alcohol
SIDE EFFECTS
Folic Acid -If you think there was an overdose, call your local poison control center or ER right away. Signs of a very bad reaction to the drug. These include wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue or gray skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat. Any rash. Side effect or health problem is not better or you are feeling worse.Vitamin B1 -Thiamine tablets usually do not cause any side effects. Vitamin B12 -Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, skin rash, hot flushes.Vitamin B3 – Flushing. Taking aspirin or ibuprofen 30 minutes before taking this drug may help. Headache. Itching.Vitamin B6-Headache. Upset stomach or throwing up. Many small meals, good mouth care, sucking hard, sugar-free candy, or chewing sugar-free gum may help. Damage to the nerves. This can be long-lasting.Vitamin C- Kidney stones may rarely happen.Pyridoxine-Headache. Upset stomach or throwing up. Many small meals, good mouth care, sucking hard, sugar-free candy, or chewing sugar-free gum may help. Damage to the nerves. This can be long-lasting.