DESCRIPTION
Folic Acid -A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B1 -Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the
CHEMICAL FORMULA
C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue.
CATEGORIES
Folic Acid -Hematinics,Vitamin B Complex,Dietary Supplements,Micronutrients,Supplements. Vitamin B1 -Vitamin B Complex,Vitamins. Vitamin B12 -Vitamin B Complex,Vitamins,Anti-anemic Agents. Vitamin B3 – Vitamins.Vitamin B5 – Vitamin B Complex.Vitamin B6-Vitamins. Vitamin H -Vitamin B Complex,Dietary Supplements,Micronutrients Supplements.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
Folic Acid -C19H19N7O6,Vitamin B1 -C12H17N4OS. Vitamin B12 -C63H89CoN14O14P.Vitamin B3 – C6H6N2O.Vitamin B5 – C9H17NO5. Vitamin H -C10H16N2O3S.
COMPOSITION
Folic Acid+ Vitamin B1+ Vitamin B12+ Vitamin B2+ Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) + Vitamin B5 (Calcium Pantothenate)+ Vitamin B6 + Vitamin H (Biotin).
INDICATION
Folic Acid -For treatment of folic acid deficiency, megaloblastic anemia and in anemias of nutritional supplements, pregnancy, infancy, or childhood. Vitamin B1 -For the treatment of thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakov’s alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis. Vitamin B12 -For treatment of pernicious anemia (due to lack of or inhibition of intrinsic factor) and for prevention and treatment of vitamin B 12 deficiency.Vitamin B3 – It is used to help growth and good health. This vitamin is used to stop or treat niacin deficiency.Vitamin B5 – Studied for the treatment of many uses such as treatment of testicular torsion, diabetic ulceration, wound healing, acne, obesity, diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy. It has also been investigated for its hypolipidemic effects and as cholesterol lowering agent. Vitamin B6-It is used to help growth and good health. It is used to stop and treat low vitamin B6. It is used to avoid side effects from isoniazid. It is used to treat isoniazid or cycloserine overdose. Vitamin H -For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance.
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Folic Acid -Folic acid, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, is found in foods such as liver, kidneys, yeast, and leafy, green vegetables. Folic acid is used to diagnose folate deficiency and to treat topical sprue and megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias, hematologic complications resulting from a deficiency in folic acid. Vitamin B1 -Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency.
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ABSORPTION
Vitamin B1 -Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes. Vitamin B12 -Readily absorbed in the lower half of the ileum. Vitamin B5 – When found in foods, most pantothenic acid is in the form of CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP). For the intestinal cells to absorb this vitamin, it must be converted into free pantothenic acid. Within the lumen of the intestine, CoA and ACP are hydrolyzed into 4′-phosphopantetheine. The 4′-phosphopantetheine is then dephosphorylated into pantetheine. Pantetheinase, an intestinal enzyme, then hydrolyzes pantetheine into free pantothenic acid. Free pantothenic acid is absorbed into intestinal cells via a saturable, sodium-dependent active transport system. At high levels of intake, when this
MECHANISM
is saturated, some pantothenic acid may also be absorbed via passive diffusion. As intake increases 10-fold, however, absorption rate decreases to 10%. Vitamin H -Systemic – approximately 50%.
METABOLISM
Folic Acid -Hepatic.Vitamin B1 -Hepatic. Vitamin B12 -Hepatic.
ELIMINATION
Folic Acid -Folic Acid is metabolized in the liver to 7, 8-dihydrofolic acid and eventually to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid with the aid of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH) and folate reductases. A majority of the metabolic products appeared in the urine after 6 hours; excretion was generally complete within 24 hours. Folic Acid is also excreted in the milk of lactating mothers.
HALF LIFE
Vitamin B12 -Approximately 6 days (400 days in the liver).
TOXICITY
Folic Acid -PR-MUS LD50 85 mg/kg,IVN-GPG LD50 120 mg/kg, IVN-MUS L50 239 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD50 500 mg/kg, IVN-RBT LD50 410 mg/kg. Vitamin B1 -Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg. Vitamin B12 -Anaphylactic reaction (skin rash, itching, wheezing)-after parenteral administration. ORL-MUS LD50 > 8000 mg/kg.Vitamin B5 – No Tolerable Upper Level Intake (UL) has been established for the vitamin.Vitamin H -Prolonged skin contact may cause irritation.
FOOD INTERACTIONS
avoid alcohol
SIDE EFFECTS
Folic Acid -If you think there was an overdose, call your local poison control center or ER right away. Signs of a very bad reaction to the drug. These include wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue or gray skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat. Any rash. Side effect or health problem is not better or you are feeling worse.Vitamin B1 -Thiamine tablets usually do not cause any side effects. Vitamin B12 -Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, skin rash, hot flushes.Vitamin B3 – Flushing. Taking aspirin or ibuprofen 30 minutes before taking this drug may help. Headache. Itching.Vitamin B6-Headache. Upset stomach or throwing up. Many small meals, good mouth care, sucking hard, sugar-free candy, or chewing sugar-free gum may help. Damage to the nerves. This can be long-lasting.