DESCRIPTION
chlorhexidine -A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque. sodium flouride -Sodium fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound . A colorless solid, it is a source of the fluoride ion in diverse applications.Zinc chloride is the name of chemical compounds and its hydrates. Zinc chlorides, of which nine crystalline forms are known, are colorless or white, and are highly soluble in water.
CATEGORIES
chlorhexidine -Anti-Infective Agents,Anti-Infective Agents, Local,Disinfectants,Mouthwashes.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
chlorhexidine -C22H30Cl2N10.sodium flouride -NaF.Zinc chloride -Zncl2.
COMPOSITION
chlorhexidine 0.20 % w/v + sodium flouride 0.05 % w/v +Zinc chloride 0.09 % w/v
INDICATION
chlorhexidine -For reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult periodontitis, used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing procedures. Also for prevention of dental caries, oropharyngeal decontamination in critically ill patients, hand hygiene in health-care personnel, general skin cleanser, and catheter site preparation and care.
PHARMACODYNAMICS
chlorhexidine -Chlorhexidine, a topical antimicrobial agent, is bactericidal. Because of its positive charge, the chlorhexidine molecule reacts with the microbial cell surface to destroy the integrity of the cell membrane. This novel
MECHANISM
of action makes it highly unlikely for the development of bacterial resistance.
MECHANISM
chlorhexidine -Chlorhexidine’s antimicrobial effects are associated with the attractions between chlorhexidine (cation) and negatively charged bacterial cells. After chlorhexidine is absorpted onto the organism’s cell wall, it disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms.
ABSORPTION
chlorhexidine -Absorption of chlorhexidine from the gastrointestinal tract is very poor. Additionally, an in vivo study in 18 adult patients found no detectable plasma or urine chlorhexidine concentrations following insertion of four periodontal implants under clinical conditions.
ELIMINATION
chlorhexidine -Excretion of chlorhexidine gluconate occurred primarily through the feces (~90%). Less than 1% of the chlorhexidine gluconate ingested by these subjects was excreted in the urine.
TOXICITY
chlorhexidine -LD50= 2g/kg (human, oral); LD50= 3 g/kg (rat, oral); LD50= 2.5 g/kg (mice, oral); LD50= 21 mg/kg (male rat, IV); LD50= 23 mg/kg (female rat, IV); LD50= 25 mg/kg (male mice, IV); LD50= 24 mg/kg (female mice, IV); LD50= 1g/kg (rat, subcutaneous); LD50= 637 mg/kg (male mice, subcutaneous); LD50= 632 mg/kg (female mice, subcutaneous).
FOOD INTERACTIONS
avoid alcohol
SIDE EFFECTS
chlorhexidine -Blistering, burning, itching, peeling, skin rash, redness, swelling, or other signs of irritation on the skin swelling of the face, hands, or feet trouble breathing.