DESCRIPTION
Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.
CATEGORIES
Anti-Bacterial Agents,Penicillins.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
C16H19N3O4S
COMPOSITION
Ampicillin 250 MG
INDICATION
For treatment of infection (Respiratory, GI, UTI and meningitis) due to E. coli, P. mirabilis, enterococci, Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, nonpenicillinase-producing N. gononhoeae, H. influenzae, staphylococci, streptococci including streptoc .
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Ampicillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name “penicillin” can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Ampicillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of Ampicillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through Ampicillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Ampicillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.
MECHANISM
By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Ampicillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Ampicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
METABOLISM
12 to 50%
ELIMINATION
Ampicillin is excreted largely unchanged in the urine.
HALF LIFE
approx 1 hour
FOOD INTERACTIONS
avoid alchahol
SIDE EFFECTS
Upset stomach or throwing up. Many small meals, good mouth care, sucking hard, sugar-free candy, or chewing sugar-free gum may help. – Loose stools (diarrhea). Yogurt or probiotics may help. – You may get these products at health food stores or in some pharmacies. – For women, vaginal yeast infection. Report itching or discharge.