DESCRIPTION
Ciprofloxacin – A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. Chlorpheniramine – A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than promethazine. Zinc sulphate- Zinc sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnSO4 as well as any of three hydrates. It was historically known as “white vitriol”. It is a colorless solid that is a common source of soluble zinc ions
CATEGORIES
Ciprofloxacin – Anti-Infective Agents,Quinolones.Chlorpheniramine – Histamine H1 Antagonists,Histamine Antagonists.Zinc sulphate- Minerals, Other Eye Preparations.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
Ciprofloxacin – C17H18FN3O3.Chlorpheniramine – C16H19ClN2.Zinc sulphate- ZnSO4.
COMPOSITION
Ciprofloxacin 0.3 % w/v +Chlorpheniramine 0.1 % w/v +Zinc sulphate 0.1 w/v
INDICATION
Ciprofloxacin – For the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible organisms: urinary tract infections, acute uncomplicated cystitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, lower respiratory tract infections, acute sinusitis, skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in combination with metronidazole), infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever (enteric fever), uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea, and inhalational anthrax (post-exposure). Chlorpheniramine – For the treatment of rhinitis, urticaria, allergy, common cold, asthma and hay fever.Zinc sulphate- It is used to help growth and good health.
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Ciprofloxacin – Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antiinfective agent of the fluoroquinolone class. Ciprofloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The
MECHANISM
of action of quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, is different from that of other antimicrobial agents such as beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides; therefore, organisms resistant to these drugs may be susceptible to ciprofloxacin. There is no known cross-resistance between ciprofloxacin and other classes of antimicrobials. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian.Chlorpheniramine – In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H1-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Chlorpheniramine, is a histamine H1 antagonist (or more correctly, an inverse histamine agonist) of the alkylamine class. It competes with histamine for the normal H1-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.
MECHANISM
Ciprofloxacin – The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, strand supercoiling repair, and recombination.Chlorpheniramine – Chlorpheniramine binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine.
ABSORPTION
Ciprofloxacin – Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70% with no substantial loss by first pass metabolism.Chlorpheniramine – Well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
METABOLISM
Ciprofloxacin – Hepatic. Four metabolites have been identified in human urine which together account for approximately 15% of an oral dose. The metabolites have antimicrobial activity, but are less active than unchanged ciprofloxacin.Chlorpheniramine – Primarily hepatic via Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes.
ELIMINATION
Ciprofloxacin – Approximately 40 to 50% of an orally administered dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug.
HALF LIFE
Ciprofloxacin – 4 hours.Chlorpheniramine – 21-27 hours.
TOXICITY
Ciprofloxacin – The major adverse effect seen with use of is gastrointestinal irritation, common with many antibiotics.Chlorpheniramine – Oral LD50 (rat): 306 mg/kg; Oral LD50 (mice): 130 mg/kg; Oral LD50 (guinea pig): 198 mg/kg [Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. Ed. D. Sweet, US Dept. of Health & Human Services: Cincinatti, 2010.] Also a mild reproductive toxin to women of childbearing age.
FOOD INTERACTIONS
avoid alcohol.
SIDE EFFECTS
Ciprofloxacin – Belly pain. Upset stomach or throwing up. Many small meals, good mouth care, sucking hard, sugar-free candy, or chewing sugar-free gum may help. Loose stools (diarrhea). Yogurt or probiotics may help. You may get these products at health food stores or in some pharmacies. Tendons may rarely get irritated and tear. Unsafe allergic effects may rarely happen.Chlorpheniramine – What is Chlorpheniramine Maleate for: It is used to ease allergy signs. How does Chlorpheniramine Maleate work: Chlorpheniramine lowers or stops the bodys reaction to the allergen. How should Chlorpheniramine Maleate be used: Adult: PO- Allergic conditions- 4 mg 4-6 hourly. Max: 24 mgday. IVIMSC- Adjunct in anaphylactic shock- 10-20 mg. Total max: 40 mgday. It comes as a tablet and syrup to take by mouth, with or without food. It also comes as a solution for injection to be administered by a healthcare provider into the vein, muscle, or under the skin. Common side effects of Chlorpheniramine Maleate : Feeling lightheaded, sleepy, having blurred eyesight, or a change in thinking clearly. Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert or have clear eyesight until you see how this drug affects you. Headache. Dry mouth. Good mouth care, sucking hard, sugar-free candy, or chewing sugar-free gum may help. See a dentist often.Zinc sulphate- Upset stomach or throwing up. Many small meals, good mouth care, sucking hard, sugar-free candy, or chewing sugar-free gum may help. Loose stools (diarrhea).