amount of mineral matter per square centimeter of bones ,measured areal density in g cm−2z-score, the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for the patient’s age, sex and ethnicityt-score, the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for a healthy 30-year-old adult of the same sex and ethnicity as the patientA negative (–) value means thinner bones, a positive (+) value means thicker and stronger bone

T-score is:

More than -1 normal

Between -1 and -2.5 osteopenia

Below -2.5 osteoporosis.