DESCRIPTION
Folic Acid -A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B1 -Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the
CHEMICAL FORMULA
C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue. Vitamin B12 -Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin’s structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products. Vitamin B3 – An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. Vitamin B6-Vitamin B6 refers to a group of chemically very similar compounds which can be interconverted in biological systems. Vitamin B6 is part of the vitamin B complex group, and its active form, Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) serves as a cofactor in many enzyme reactions in amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Vitamin C- A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. Pyridoxine-Pyridoxine is the 4-methanol form of vitamin B6 and is converted to pyridoxal 5-phosphate in the body. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and vitamin B6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading. Riboflavine -Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide.
CATEGORIES
Folic Acid -Hematinics,Vitamin B Complex,Dietary Supplements,Micronutrients,Supplements. Vitamin B1 -Vitamin B Complex,Vitamins. Vitamin B12 -Vitamin B Complex,Vitamins,Anti-anemic Agents. Vitamin B3 – Vitamins. Vitamin C- Antioxidants,Vitamins,Ascorbic Acid. Pyridoxine-Vitamin B Complex, Vitamins.Riboflavine -Vitamin B Complex, Photosensitizing Agents.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
Folic Acid -C19H19N7O6,Vitamin B1 -C12H17N4OS. Vitamin B12 -C63H89CoN14O14P.Vitamin B3 – C6H6N2O.Vitamin B5 – C9H17NO5. Vitamin C-C6H8O6. Pyridoxine-C8H11NO3.Riboflavine -C17H20N4O6.
COMPOSITION
Omega 3 Fatty Acids eq.to Eicosapentaenoic acid 90mg + Docohexaenoic 60mg + Green Tea Extract eq. to polyphenols 10mg + Ginseng 42.5mg + Ginkgo biloba 10mg + Grape Seed Extract 15mg + Wheat germ oil 25 g + Citrus bioflavanoids (8 %) 20mg + Natural mixed carotenoid 10% 11.33mg + Piperine 5mg + Lutein 250 mcg + Niacinamide 20mg + Benfotiamine 1.5mg + folic acid 150mcg + Vit. B6 1mg + Biotin 100mcg + Menadione Na bisulphite (Vit. K) 10mcg + Vit. D3 200IU + Vit. B12 1mcg + Lactic acid bacillus 500 Lacs spore + Calcium ascorbate 45mg + Ferrous fumarate 30mg + Magnesium oxide eq. to elemental Mg 30mg + Choline bitartrate 25mg + Dibasic calcium phosphate eq. to elemental Ca 20mg + elemental phosphorus 15.45mg + Zinc oxide eq. to elemental Zn 15mg + Potassium chloride eq. to Chloride 4mg + elemental K 3.6mg + Colloidal silicon dioxide eq. to elemental Si 2mg + Magnaese sulphate eq. to elemental Mn 1.5mg + Copper sulphate pentahydrate eq. to elemental Cu 0.5mg + K iodide eq. to elemental iodine 150mcg + Na borate eq. to elemental B 150mcg + Chromium picolinate eq. to elemental Cr 65mcg + Na Molybdate dihydrate eq. to elemental Molybdenum 25mcg + Na selenate pentahydrate eq. to elemental Se 20mcg + Stannous chloride dihydrate eq. to elemental Tin 10mcg + Na metavanadate eq. to elemental Vanadium 10mcg + Nickle sulphate eq. to elemental Ni 5mcg
INDICATION
Folk medicine attributes various benefits to oral use of American ginseng and Asian ginseng (P. ginseng) roots, including roles as an aphrodisiac, stimulant, type II diabetes treatment, or cure for sexual dysfunction in men. Ginseng may be included in small doses in energy drinks or herbal teas, such as ginseng coffee. It may be found in hair tonics and cosmetic preparations, as well, but those uses have not been shown to be clinically effective. Folic Acid -For treatment of folic acid deficiency, megaloblastic anemia and in anemias of nutritional supplements, pregnancy, infancy, or childhood. Vitamin B1 -For the treatment of thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakov’s alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis. Vitamin B12 -For treatment of pernicious anemia (due to lack of or inhibition of intrinsic factor) and for prevention and treatment of vitamin B 12 deficiency.Vitamin B3 – It is used to help growth and good health. This vitamin is used to stop or treat niacin deficiency. Vitamin B6-It is used to help growth and good health. It is used to stop and treat low vitamin B6. It is used to avoid side effects from isoniazid. It is used to treat isoniazid or cycloserine overdose.Vitamin C- Used to treat vitamin C deficiency, scurvy, delayed wound and bone healing, urine acidification, and in general as an antioxidant. It has also been suggested to be an effective antiviral agent.Pyridoxine-For the treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and for the prophylaxis of isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy.Riboflavine -For the treatment of ariboflavinosis (vitamin B2 deficiency).
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Thiamine has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells. Vitamin B12 -Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is a water-soluble organometallic compound with a trivalent cobalt ion bound inside a corrin ring. It is needed for nerve cells and red blood cells, and to make DNA. Vitamin B12 deficiency is the cause of several forms of anemia.Vitamin C- Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin indicated for the prevention and treatment of scurvy, as ascorbic acid deficiency results in scurvy. Collagenous structures are primarily affected, and lesions develop in bones and blood vessels. Administration of ascorbic acid completely reverses the symptoms of ascorbic acid deficiency.Pyridoxine-Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin used in the prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in those receiving isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH). Vitamin B6 has been found to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a small group of subjects with essential hypertension. Hypertension is another risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Another study showed pyridoxine hydrochloride to inhibit ADP- or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and to lower total cholesterol levels and increase HDL-cholesterol levels, again in a small group of subjects. Vitamin B6, in the form of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, was found to protect vascular endothelial cells in culture from injury by activated platelets. Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical initiating events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human studies have demonstrated that vitamin B6 deficiency affects cellular and humoral responses of the immune system. Vitamin B6 deficiency results in altered lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, impaired antibody production, decreased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased interleukin (IL)-2 production, among other immunologic activities.Riboflavine -Riboflavin or vitamin B2 is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolising of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. It is essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth and general good health, including regulating thyroid activity. Riboflavin also helps in the prevention or treatment of many types of eye disorders, including some cases of cataracts.
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ABSORPTION
Vitamin B1 -Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes. Vitamin B12 -Readily absorbed in the lower half of the ileum. Pyridoxine-The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Pyridoxine is absorbed mainly in the jejunum.Riboflavine -Vitamin B2 is readily absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
METABOLISM
Folic Acid -Hepatic.Vitamin B1 -Hepatic. Vitamin B12 -Hepatic.Vitamin C- Hepatic. Ascorbic acid is reversibly oxidised (by removal of the hydrogen from the enediol group of ascorbic acid) to dehydroascorbic acid. The two forms found in body fluids are physiologically active. Some ascorbic acid is metabolized to inactive compounds including ascorbic acid-2-sulfate and oxalic acid.Pyridoxine-Hepatic. Riboflavine -Hepatic.
ELIMINATION
Folic Acid -Folic Acid is metabolized in the liver to 7, 8-dihydrofolic acid and eventually to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid with the aid of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH) and folate reductases. A majority of the metabolic products appeared in the urine after 6 hours; excretion was generally complete within 24 hours. Folic Acid is also excreted in the milk of lactating mothers.
HALF LIFE
Vitamin B12 -Approximately 6 days (400 days in the liver).Vitamin C- 16 days (3.4 hours in people who have excess levels of vitamin C).Pyridoxine-15-20 days.Riboflavine -66-84 minutes
TOXICITY
; however, cases of spontaneous hemorrhages have been reported with the conventional use of the standardized extract. As with all medications, individual risk factors must be considered in the assessment of safety of this medication. This medication is well-tolerated at standard oral doses. Ginkgo biloba may cause gastrointestinal upset, headache, dizziness, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, lack of muscle tone and weakness. Folic Acid -PR-MUS LD50 85 mg/kg,IVN-GPG LD50 120 mg/kg, IVN-MUS L50 239 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD50 500 mg/kg, IVN-RBT LD50 410 mg/kg. Vitamin B1 -Thiamine toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg. Vitamin B12 -Anaphylactic reaction (skin rash, itching, wheezing)-after parenteral administration. ORL-MUS LD50 > 8000 mg/kg.Pyridoxine-Oral Rat LD50 = 4 gm/kg. Toxic effects include convulsions, dyspnea, hypermotility, diarrhea, ataxia and muscle weakness.
FOOD INTERACTIONS
avoid alcohol
SIDE EFFECTS
.Additional side effects include increased risk of bleeding, gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness, heart palpitations, and restlessness. Ginkgo should be used with caution when combined with other herbs known to increase bleeding (e.g. garlic, ginseng, ginger).According to a systemic review, the effects of ginkgo on pregnant women may include increased bleeding time, and should be avoided during lactation due to inadequate safety evidence.Folic Acid -If you think there was an overdose, call your local poison control center or ER right away. Signs of a very bad reaction to the drug. These include wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue or gray skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat. Any rash. Side effect or health problem is not better or you are feeling worse.Vitamin B1 -Thiamine tablets usually do not cause any side effects. Vitamin B12 -Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, skin rash, hot flushes.Vitamin B3 – Flushing. Taking aspirin or ibuprofen 30 minutes before taking this drug may help. Headache. Itching.Vitamin B6-Headache. Upset stomach or throwing up. Many small meals, good mouth care, sucking hard, sugar-free candy, or chewing sugar-free gum may help. Damage to the nerves. This can be long-lasting.Vitamin C- Kidney stones may rarely happen.Pyridoxine-Headache. Upset stomach or throwing up. Many small meals, good mouth care, sucking hard, sugar-free candy, or chewing sugar-free gum may help. Damage to the nerves. This can be long-lastin