Endotoxin is one of the most important bacterial components contributing to the inflammatory process. Levels of endotoxin correlate directly with severity of meningococcal disease and other forms of sepsis, and…
The most common cause for atherosclerosis is high cholesterol in the blood, this usual associated with collection of fat in the abdomen, which corallerate with body mass index, or obesity…
COMMITMENT IS THE KEY POINT IN OBESITY MANAGMENT LOSING WEIGHT TAKES MORE THAN DESIRE. ASSESSING READINESS FOR WEIGHT LOSS: It takes commitment and a well thought out plan. Making a…
WHY ONE SHOULD MAKE ATTENTION ON OBESITY LIFESTYLE A WAY FROM OBESITY IS BETTER, IT CAN CAUSE OR COMPLICATE: diabetes High body weight is associated with many medical disorders such…
Urgent RRT are initiated in certain critically ill patients with AKI and has been shown to reduce mortality rate. It is usually started in patients with severe metabolic acidosis, severe…
AKI can be categorized according to the location of insult; pre-renal, intra-renal (intrinsic) and post-renal. Pre-renalPre-renal injuries are caused by decreased renal blood flow, mostly due to hypovolemia and low-output…
Renal disease presents as:1 Asymptomatic disease• Non-visible haematuria: (NVH, microscopic haematuria.) Detected on urine dipstick on repeated testing. Most is not due to renal disease and urological investigation is fi…
Dilution (hypoosmotic urine production): reabsorption of solute from tubular fluid without water ascending limb of Henle’sloop, distal tubule and collecting ductConcentration (hyperosmotic urine production): reabsorption of water from tubular fluid…
KDIGO recommendations-2007Extremes of age (elderly ? children ?)Extremes of body size (obesity*or low BMI < 18.5 kg/m2)Severe malnutrition (cirrhosis ?, end-stage renal failure ?, …)Grossly abnormal muscle mass (amputation, paralysis,…
Kidney damage for ≥ 3 months, as defined by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with ou without decreased GFR, manifest by either : Markers of kidney damage, such…
aborashyd83