OBESITY CAUSES
aborashyd83Diet The amount of energy intake relative to energy expenditure is the central reason for the development of obesity. However, diet composition also may be variably important in its pathogenesis.…
anemia of chronic disease
Anemia of inflammation, also called anemia of chronic disease or ACD, is a type of anemia that affects people who have conditions that cause inflammation, such as infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and chronic kidney disease…
Iron studies
Serum ferritin a. Definition: Ferritin is a soluble iron-binding storage protein (1) Synthesized by BM MPs and hepatocytes (2) Ferritin keeps iron in a nontoxic form. (3) MPs are the…
Preparation to fifth stage
you may progress to end stage kidney disease which require Renal Replacement Therapy Renal Replacement Therapy include two options :Dialysis either Hemodialysis Or Peritoneal DialysisKidney Transplant cadaver or living donor…
management of fourth stage renal failure
The aim is to: Slow down the progressionTreat underling causeManage the complicationsPreperation to fifth stage Slow down the progression control blood pressurecontrol blood sugerlow protien diet, less than 0.8 gm…
The kidney is very important organ
It supplied about 20 % of cardiac output Cardiac output is about 72 ml per peat, 72 peat per min average 5200 ml per minute Renal blood flow is about…
Proteinuria
proteinuria is defined as urinary protein excretion of greater than 150 mg per day.Urinary protein excretion in healthy persons varies considerably and may reach proteinuric levels under several circumstances.Most dipstick…
Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract
Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is a group of abnormalities affecting the kidneys or other structures of the urinary tract. The additional parts of the urinary tract…
Types of Proteinuria
TYPEDEFINITIONCAUSESFunctionalProtein <2 g/24 hrNot associated with renal diseaseFever, exercise, congestive heart failureOrthostatic (postural): occurs with standing and is absent in the recumbent state. Urine protein is absent in the first…
NONSTEROIDAL
NSAIDs have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities largely related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis; exact mechanisms of action are not known. Indications Relief of signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis,…