What is Shame?

Shame is a painful emotion that arises from the perception that one has done something dishonorable, immoral, or otherwise wrong. Unlike guilt, which relates to specific actions, shame targets the entire self, leading to feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy.

Symptoms

• Deep feelings of embarrassment or humiliation
• Self-criticism and self-loathing
• Withdrawal from social situations
• Difficulty accepting praise or compliments
• Avoidance of accountability

Causes and Risk Factors

• Childhood emotional neglect or abuse
• Cultural or societal expectations
• Traumatic experiences
• Internalized critical voices from parents, teachers, or peers

Diagnosis

Shame itself is an emotional experience and not a formal psychiatric disorder, so it isn’t diagnosed independently. However, it is often assessed within the context of other mental health evaluations.

Treatment and Management

• Therapy: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Compassion-Focused Therapy
• Self-compassion practices
• Mindfulness and emotional regulation skills
• Support groups for shame and trauma recovery

Prognosis and Outlook

With therapeutic support and self-work, individuals can significantly reduce chronic shame and rebuild a more positive self-image.