What is Rumination?

Rumination is the compulsive focus on distressing situations, thoughts, or emotions without moving toward resolution. It is strongly linked to anxiety and depression.

Symptoms

• Persistent overthinking about problems
• Inability to “let go” of negative thoughts
• Feeling stuck mentally
• Increased sadness or anxiety after thinking sessions
• Sleep disturbances

Causes and Risk Factors

• Perfectionism
• Low self-esteem
• High levels of stress
• Traumatic experiences
• Depression and anxiety disorders

Diagnosis

Rumination itself is a symptom, not a standalone diagnosis, and is usually assessed during evaluations for depression, anxiety, or PTSD.

Treatment and Management

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Mindfulness and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT)
• Breaking rumination cycles with behavioral activation
• Problem-solving skills development

Prognosis and Outlook

With therapeutic intervention, individuals can significantly reduce rumination, leading to improved mental health and quality of life.