Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES): Overview & Interpretation
The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is one of the most widely used 10-item psychological assessments for measuring global self-esteem (how much a person values or approves of themselves). Developed by sociologist Morris Rosenberg in 1965, it remains a gold standard in research and clinical settings.
Key Features of the RSES
- 10 statements rated on a 4-point Likert scale:
- 1 = Strongly Disagree
- 4 = Strongly Agree
- Measures:
- Positive self-esteem (e.g., “I feel that I have a number of good qualities.”)
- Negative self-esteem (e.g., “I certainly feel useless at times.”)
- Quick & reliable: Takes <5 minutes, validated across cultures.
Sample Items
(Rate how much you agree with each statement.)
- “On the whole, I am satisfied with myself.” (Positive)
- “I feel I do not have much to be proud of.” (Negative, reverse-scored)
- “I take a positive attitude toward myself.” (Positive)
- “At times I think I am no good at all.” (Negative, reverse-scored)
(5 items are positively worded, 5 are negatively worded to reduce bias.)
Scoring & Interpretation
- Reverse-score negative items (1→4, 2→3, 3→2, 4→1).
- Sum all 10 items (range: 10–40).
- 10–15 = Low self-esteem
- 16–25 = Moderate self-esteem
- 26–40 = High self-esteem
Example: If you scored 18, you have moderate self-esteem with room for growth.
Why Use the RSES?
- Research-backed: Linked to mental health, relationships, and academic success.
- Clinical tool: Helps therapists track self-worth in depression/anxiety treatment.
- Simple & accessible: Free to use (public domain).
Limitations
- Global measure: Doesn’t pinpoint specific self-esteem triggers (e.g., body image, work skills).
- Self-report bias: May be skewed by mood or social desirability.
- Cultural differences: Some items (e.g., “I am as good as others”) may not translate equally across cultures.