Miacalcin
Generic: CALCITONIN SALMON
Basic Information
Manufacturer
Mylan Institutional LLC
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Route of Administration
INTRAMUSCULAR
FDA Set ID
26caf31f-7f7c-48a8-a1ac-35d2ceefda2b
Indications & Usage
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Miacalcin synthetic injection is a calcitonin, indicated for the following conditions: • Treatment of symptomatic Paget’s disease of bone when alternative treatments are not suitable ( 1.1 ) • Treatment of hypercalcemia ( 1.2 ) • Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis when alternative treatments are not suitable.
Fracture reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated ( 1.3 ) Limitations of Use: • Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on a periodic basis ( 1.4 , 5.3 ) 1.1 Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone Miacalcin injection is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic Paget’s disease of bone in patients with moderate to severe disease characterized by polyostotic involvement with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion.
There is no evidence that the prophylactic use of calcitonin salmon is beneficial in asymptomatic patients.
Miacalcin injection should be used only in patients who do not respond to alternative treatments or for whom such treatments are not suitable (e.g., patients for whom other therapies are contraindicated or for patients who are intolerant or unwilling to use other therapies).
1.2 Treatment of Hypercalcemia Miacalcin injection is indicated for the early treatment of hypercalcemic emergencies, along with other appropriate agents, when a rapid decrease in serum calcium is required, until more specific treatment of the underlying disease can be accomplished.
It may also be added to existing therapeutic regimens for hypercalcemia such as intravenous fluids and furosemide, oral phosphate or corticosteroids, or other agents.
1.3 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Miacalcin injection is indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women greater than 5 years postmenopause.
The evidence of efficacy for calcitonin salmon injection is based on increases in total body calcium observed in clinical trials.
Fracture reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated.
Miacalcin injection should be reserved for patients for whom alternative treatments are not suitable (e.g., patients for whom other therapies are contraindicated or for patients who are intolerant or unwilling to use other therapies).
1.4 Important Limitations of Use Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on a periodic basis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] .
Fracture reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated ( 1.3 ) Limitations of Use: • Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on a periodic basis ( 1.4 , 5.3 ) 1.1 Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone Miacalcin injection is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic Paget’s disease of bone in patients with moderate to severe disease characterized by polyostotic involvement with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion.
There is no evidence that the prophylactic use of calcitonin salmon is beneficial in asymptomatic patients.
Miacalcin injection should be used only in patients who do not respond to alternative treatments or for whom such treatments are not suitable (e.g., patients for whom other therapies are contraindicated or for patients who are intolerant or unwilling to use other therapies).
1.2 Treatment of Hypercalcemia Miacalcin injection is indicated for the early treatment of hypercalcemic emergencies, along with other appropriate agents, when a rapid decrease in serum calcium is required, until more specific treatment of the underlying disease can be accomplished.
It may also be added to existing therapeutic regimens for hypercalcemia such as intravenous fluids and furosemide, oral phosphate or corticosteroids, or other agents.
1.3 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Miacalcin injection is indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women greater than 5 years postmenopause.
The evidence of efficacy for calcitonin salmon injection is based on increases in total body calcium observed in clinical trials.
Fracture reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated.
Miacalcin injection should be reserved for patients for whom alternative treatments are not suitable (e.g., patients for whom other therapies are contraindicated or for patients who are intolerant or unwilling to use other therapies).
1.4 Important Limitations of Use Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on a periodic basis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] .
Adverse Reactions
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label: • Hypersensitivity Reactions, including anaphylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] • Hypocalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] • Malignancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Most common adverse reactions are nausea with or without vomiting (10%), injection site inflammation (10%), and flushing of the face or hands (2% to 5%) ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mylan at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety of calcitonin salmon injection was assessed in open-label trials several months to two years in duration.
The most common adverse reactions are discussed below.
Nausea Nausea with or without vomiting has been noted in about 10% of patients treated with calcitonin salmon.
It is most evident when treatment is first initiated and tends to decrease or disappear with continued administration.
Dermatologic Reactions Local inflammatory reactions at the site of subcutaneous or intramuscular injection have been reported in about 10% of patients.
Flushing of face or hands occurred in about 2% to 5% of patients.
Skin rashes and pruritus of the ear lobes have also been reported.
Other Adverse Reactions Nocturia, feverish sensation, pain in the eyes, poor appetite, abdominal pain, pedal edema, and salty taste have been reported in patients treated with calcitonin salmon injection.
Malignancy A meta-analysis of 21 randomized, controlled clinical trials with calcitonin salmon (nasal spray or investigational oral formulations) was conducted to assess the risk of malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients.
The trials in the meta-analysis ranged in duration from 6 months to 5 years and included a total of 10883 patients (6151 treated with calcitonin salmon and 4732 treated with placebo).
The overall incidence of malignancies reported in these 21 trials was higher among calcitonin salmon-treated patients (254/6151 or 4.1%) compared with placebo-treated patients (137/4732 or 2.9%).
Findings were similar when analyses were restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials [calcitonin salmon 122/2712 (4.5%); placebo 30/1309 (2.3%)].
The meta-analysis results suggest an increased risk of overall malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients when all 21 trials are included and when the analysis is restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials (see Table 1).
It is not possible to exclude an increased risk when calcitonin salmon is administered by the subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous route because these routes of administration were not investigated in the meta-analysis.
The increased malignancy risk seen with the meta-analysis was heavily influenced by a single large 5-year trial, which had an observed risk difference of 3.4% [95% CI (0.4%, 6.5%)].
Imbalances in risks were still observed when analyses excluded basal cell carcinoma (see Table 1); the data were not sufficient for further analyses by type of malignancy.
A mechanism for these observations has not been identified.
Although a definitive causal relationship between calcitonin salmon use and malignancies cannot be established from this meta-analysis, the benefits for the individual patient should be carefully evaluated against all possible risks [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] .
Table 1: Risk Difference for Malignancies in Calcitonin Salmon-Treated Patients Compared with Placebo-Treated Patients Patients Malignancies Risk Difference The overall adjusted risk difference is the difference between the percentage of patients who had any malignancy (or malignancy excluding basal cell carcinoma) in calcitonin salmon and placebo treatment groups, using the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) fixed-effect method.
A risk difference of 0 is suggestive of no difference in malignancy risks between the treatment groups.
(%) 95% Confidence Interval The corresponding 95% confidence interval for the overall adjusted risk difference also based on MH fixed-effect method.
(%) All (nasal spray + oral) All 1.0 (0.3, 1.6) All (nasal spray + oral) Excluding basal cell carcinoma 0.5 (-0.1, 1.2) All (nasal spray only) All 1.4 (0.3, 2.6) All (nasal spray only) Excluding basal cell carcinoma 0.8 (-0.2, 1.8) 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Because postmarketing adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of Miacalcin injection.
Allergic / Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients receiving calcitonin salmon injection, e.g., bronchospasm, swelling of the tongue or throat, anaphylactic shock, and death due to anaphylaxis.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Urticaria Hypocalcemia: Hypocalcemia with tetany (i.e.
muscle cramps, twitching) and seizure activity have been reported.
Body as a Whole: influenza-like symptoms, fatigue, edema (facial, peripheral, and generalized) Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain Cardiovascular: hypertension Gastrointestinal: abdominal pain, diarrhea Urinary System: polyuria Nervous System: dizziness, headache, paresthesia, tremor Vision: visual disturbance 6.3 Immunogenicity Consistent with the potentially immunogenic properties of medicinal products containing peptides, administration of Miacalcin may trigger the development of anti-calcitonin antibodies.
Circulating antibodies to calcitonin salmon after 2 to 18 months of treatment have been reported in about one-half of the patients with Paget’s disease in whom antibody studies were done.
In some cases, high antibody titers are found; these patients usually will have a loss of response to treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] .
The incidence of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay.
Additionally, the observed incidence of a positive antibody test result may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease.
For these reasons, comparison of antibodies among different calcitonin salmon products may be misleading.
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety of calcitonin salmon injection was assessed in open-label trials several months to two years in duration.
The most common adverse reactions are discussed below.
Nausea Nausea with or without vomiting has been noted in about 10% of patients treated with calcitonin salmon.
It is most evident when treatment is first initiated and tends to decrease or disappear with continued administration.
Dermatologic Reactions Local inflammatory reactions at the site of subcutaneous or intramuscular injection have been reported in about 10% of patients.
Flushing of face or hands occurred in about 2% to 5% of patients.
Skin rashes and pruritus of the ear lobes have also been reported.
Other Adverse Reactions Nocturia, feverish sensation, pain in the eyes, poor appetite, abdominal pain, pedal edema, and salty taste have been reported in patients treated with calcitonin salmon injection.
Malignancy A meta-analysis of 21 randomized, controlled clinical trials with calcitonin salmon (nasal spray or investigational oral formulations) was conducted to assess the risk of malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients.
The trials in the meta-analysis ranged in duration from 6 months to 5 years and included a total of 10883 patients (6151 treated with calcitonin salmon and 4732 treated with placebo).
The overall incidence of malignancies reported in these 21 trials was higher among calcitonin salmon-treated patients (254/6151 or 4.1%) compared with placebo-treated patients (137/4732 or 2.9%).
Findings were similar when analyses were restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials [calcitonin salmon 122/2712 (4.5%); placebo 30/1309 (2.3%)].
The meta-analysis results suggest an increased risk of overall malignancies in calcitonin salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients when all 21 trials are included and when the analysis is restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials (see Table 1).
It is not possible to exclude an increased risk when calcitonin salmon is administered by the subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous route because these routes of administration were not investigated in the meta-analysis.
The increased malignancy risk seen with the meta-analysis was heavily influenced by a single large 5-year trial, which had an observed risk difference of 3.4% [95% CI (0.4%, 6.5%)].
Imbalances in risks were still observed when analyses excluded basal cell carcinoma (see Table 1); the data were not sufficient for further analyses by type of malignancy.
A mechanism for these observations has not been identified.
Although a definitive causal relationship between calcitonin salmon use and malignancies cannot be established from this meta-analysis, the benefits for the individual patient should be carefully evaluated against all possible risks [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] .
Table 1: Risk Difference for Malignancies in Calcitonin Salmon-Treated Patients Compared with Placebo-Treated Patients Patients Malignancies Risk Difference The overall adjusted risk difference is the difference between the percentage of patients who had any malignancy (or malignancy excluding basal cell carcinoma) in calcitonin salmon and placebo treatment groups, using the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) fixed-effect method.
A risk difference of 0 is suggestive of no difference in malignancy risks between the treatment groups.
(%) 95% Confidence Interval The corresponding 95% confidence interval for the overall adjusted risk difference also based on MH fixed-effect method.
(%) All (nasal spray + oral) All 1.0 (0.3, 1.6) All (nasal spray + oral) Excluding basal cell carcinoma 0.5 (-0.1, 1.2) All (nasal spray only) All 1.4 (0.3, 2.6) All (nasal spray only) Excluding basal cell carcinoma 0.8 (-0.2, 1.8) 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Because postmarketing adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of Miacalcin injection.
Allergic / Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients receiving calcitonin salmon injection, e.g., bronchospasm, swelling of the tongue or throat, anaphylactic shock, and death due to anaphylaxis.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Urticaria Hypocalcemia: Hypocalcemia with tetany (i.e.
muscle cramps, twitching) and seizure activity have been reported.
Body as a Whole: influenza-like symptoms, fatigue, edema (facial, peripheral, and generalized) Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain Cardiovascular: hypertension Gastrointestinal: abdominal pain, diarrhea Urinary System: polyuria Nervous System: dizziness, headache, paresthesia, tremor Vision: visual disturbance 6.3 Immunogenicity Consistent with the potentially immunogenic properties of medicinal products containing peptides, administration of Miacalcin may trigger the development of anti-calcitonin antibodies.
Circulating antibodies to calcitonin salmon after 2 to 18 months of treatment have been reported in about one-half of the patients with Paget’s disease in whom antibody studies were done.
In some cases, high antibody titers are found; these patients usually will have a loss of response to treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] .
The incidence of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay.
Additionally, the observed incidence of a positive antibody test result may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease.
For these reasons, comparison of antibodies among different calcitonin salmon products may be misleading.