Glyburide
Generic: GLYBURIDE
Basic Information
Manufacturer
TEVA Pharmaceuticals USA Inc
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Route of Administration
ORAL
FDA Set ID
50d16f1d-c814-4411-8749-62561321ecce
Indications & Usage
INDICATIONS AND USAGE Glyburide is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Warnings
WARNINGS SPECIAL WARNING ON INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY The administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs has been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality as compared to treatment with diet alone or diet plus insulin.
This warning is based on the study conducted by the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP), a long-term prospective clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of glucose-lowering drugs in preventing or delaying vascular complications in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
The study involved 823 patients who were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups ( Diabetes 19 (supp.
2): 747–830, 1970).
UGDP reported that patients treated for 5 to 8 years with diet plus a fixed dose of tolbutamide (1.5 grams per day) had a rate of cardiovascular mortality approximately 2-1/2 times that of patients treated with diet alone.
A significant increase in total mortality was not observed, but the use of tolbutamide was discontinued based on the increase in cardiovascular mortality, thus limiting the opportunity for the study to show an increase in overall mortality.
Despite controversy regarding the interpretation of these results, the findings of the UGDP study provide an adequate basis for this warning.
The patient should be informed of the potential risks and advantages of Glyburide and of alternative modes of therapy.
Although only one drug in the sulfonylurea class (tolbutamide) was included in this study, it is prudent from a safety standpoint to consider that this warning may also apply to other oral hypoglycemic drugs in this class, in view of their close similarities in mode of action and chemical structure.
Persons allergic to other sulfonamide derivatives may develop an allergic reaction to glyburide as well.
This warning is based on the study conducted by the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP), a long-term prospective clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of glucose-lowering drugs in preventing or delaying vascular complications in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
The study involved 823 patients who were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups ( Diabetes 19 (supp.
2): 747–830, 1970).
UGDP reported that patients treated for 5 to 8 years with diet plus a fixed dose of tolbutamide (1.5 grams per day) had a rate of cardiovascular mortality approximately 2-1/2 times that of patients treated with diet alone.
A significant increase in total mortality was not observed, but the use of tolbutamide was discontinued based on the increase in cardiovascular mortality, thus limiting the opportunity for the study to show an increase in overall mortality.
Despite controversy regarding the interpretation of these results, the findings of the UGDP study provide an adequate basis for this warning.
The patient should be informed of the potential risks and advantages of Glyburide and of alternative modes of therapy.
Although only one drug in the sulfonylurea class (tolbutamide) was included in this study, it is prudent from a safety standpoint to consider that this warning may also apply to other oral hypoglycemic drugs in this class, in view of their close similarities in mode of action and chemical structure.
Persons allergic to other sulfonamide derivatives may develop an allergic reaction to glyburide as well.
Adverse Reactions
ADVERSE REACTIONS Hypoglycemia See PRECAUTIONS and OVERDOSAGE Sections.
Gastrointestinal Reactions Cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis may occur rarely which may progress to liver failure; Glyburide should be discontinued if this occurs.
Liver function abnormalities, including isolated transaminase elevations, have been reported.
Gastrointestinal disturbances, e.g., nausea, epigastric fullness, and heartburn, are the most common reactions and occur in 1.8% of treated patients.
They tend to be dose-related and may disappear when dosage is reduced.
Dermatologic Reactions Allergic skin reactions, e.g., pruritus, erythema, urticaria, and morbilliform or maculopapular eruptions, occur in 1.5% of treated patients.
These may be transient and may disappear despite continued use of Glyburide.
Bullous reactions, erythema multiforme, and exfoliative dermatitis, have been reported.
If skin reactions persist, the drug should be discontinued.
Porphyria cutanea tarda and photosensitivity reactions have been reported with sulfonylureas.
Hematologic Reactions Leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, which occasionally may present as purpura, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, and pancytopenia have been reported with sulfonylureas.
Metabolic Reactions Hepatic porphyria reactions have been reported with sulfonylureas; however, these have not been reported with Glyburide.
Disulfiram-like reactions have been reported very rarely with Glyburide.
Cases of hyponatremia have been reported with glyburide and all other sulfonylureas, most often in patients who are on other medications or have medical conditions known to cause hyponatremia or increase release of antidiuretic hormone.
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion has been reported with certain other sulfonylureas, and it has been suggested that these sulfonylureas may augment the peripheral (antidiuretic) action of ADH and/or increase release of ADH.
Glyburide can cause weight gain.
Other Reactions Changes in accommodation and/or blurred vision have been reported with glyburide and other sulfonylureas.
These are thought to be related to fluctuation in glucose levels.
In addition to dermatologic reactions, allergic reactions such as angioedema, arthralgia, myalgia and vasculitis have been reported.
Gastrointestinal Reactions Cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis may occur rarely which may progress to liver failure; Glyburide should be discontinued if this occurs.
Liver function abnormalities, including isolated transaminase elevations, have been reported.
Gastrointestinal disturbances, e.g., nausea, epigastric fullness, and heartburn, are the most common reactions and occur in 1.8% of treated patients.
They tend to be dose-related and may disappear when dosage is reduced.
Dermatologic Reactions Allergic skin reactions, e.g., pruritus, erythema, urticaria, and morbilliform or maculopapular eruptions, occur in 1.5% of treated patients.
These may be transient and may disappear despite continued use of Glyburide.
Bullous reactions, erythema multiforme, and exfoliative dermatitis, have been reported.
If skin reactions persist, the drug should be discontinued.
Porphyria cutanea tarda and photosensitivity reactions have been reported with sulfonylureas.
Hematologic Reactions Leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, which occasionally may present as purpura, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, and pancytopenia have been reported with sulfonylureas.
Metabolic Reactions Hepatic porphyria reactions have been reported with sulfonylureas; however, these have not been reported with Glyburide.
Disulfiram-like reactions have been reported very rarely with Glyburide.
Cases of hyponatremia have been reported with glyburide and all other sulfonylureas, most often in patients who are on other medications or have medical conditions known to cause hyponatremia or increase release of antidiuretic hormone.
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion has been reported with certain other sulfonylureas, and it has been suggested that these sulfonylureas may augment the peripheral (antidiuretic) action of ADH and/or increase release of ADH.
Glyburide can cause weight gain.
Other Reactions Changes in accommodation and/or blurred vision have been reported with glyburide and other sulfonylureas.
These are thought to be related to fluctuation in glucose levels.
In addition to dermatologic reactions, allergic reactions such as angioedema, arthralgia, myalgia and vasculitis have been reported.