Cyclophosphamide
Generic: CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Basic Information
Manufacturer
Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Route of Administration
ORAL
FDA Set ID
9e699cf7-860e-4c03-9760-0c24d56df2de
Indications & Usage
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating drug indicated for treatment of: Malignant Diseases : malignant lymphomas: Hodgkin’s disease, lymphocytic lymphoma, mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma; multiple myeloma, leukemias, mycosis fungoides, neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma of ovary, retinoblastoma, breast carcinoma (1.1) Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients : biopsy proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome in pediatric patients who failed to adequately respond to or are unable to tolerate adrenocorticosteroid therapy (1.2) Limitations of Use: The safety and effectiveness for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in adults or other renal disease has not been established.
1.1 Malignant Diseases Cyclophosphamide capsules are indicated for the treatment of: • malignant lymphomas (Stages III and IV of the Ann Arbor staging system), Hodgkin’s disease, lymphocytic lymphoma (nodular or diffuse), mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma • multiple myeloma • leukemias: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia (it is usually ineffective in acute blastic crisis), acute myelogenous and monocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic (stem-cell) leukemia (cyclophosphamide given during remission is effective in prolonging its duration) • mycosis fungoides (advanced disease) • neuroblastoma (disseminated disease) • adenocarcinoma of the ovary • retinoblastoma • carcinoma of the breast Cyclophosphamide capsules, although effective alone in susceptible malignancies, is more frequently used concurrently or sequentially with other antineoplastic drugs.
1.2 Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients Cyclophosphamide capsules are indicated for the treatment of biopsy proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome in pediatric patients who failed to adequately respond to or are unable to tolerate adrenocorticosteroid therapy.
Limitations of Use: The safety and effectiveness of cyclophosphamide capsules for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in adults or other renal disease has not been established.
1.1 Malignant Diseases Cyclophosphamide capsules are indicated for the treatment of: • malignant lymphomas (Stages III and IV of the Ann Arbor staging system), Hodgkin’s disease, lymphocytic lymphoma (nodular or diffuse), mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma • multiple myeloma • leukemias: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia (it is usually ineffective in acute blastic crisis), acute myelogenous and monocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic (stem-cell) leukemia (cyclophosphamide given during remission is effective in prolonging its duration) • mycosis fungoides (advanced disease) • neuroblastoma (disseminated disease) • adenocarcinoma of the ovary • retinoblastoma • carcinoma of the breast Cyclophosphamide capsules, although effective alone in susceptible malignancies, is more frequently used concurrently or sequentially with other antineoplastic drugs.
1.2 Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients Cyclophosphamide capsules are indicated for the treatment of biopsy proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome in pediatric patients who failed to adequately respond to or are unable to tolerate adrenocorticosteroid therapy.
Limitations of Use: The safety and effectiveness of cyclophosphamide capsules for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in adults or other renal disease has not been established.
Adverse Reactions
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling.
• Hypersensitivity [see Contraindications (4)] • Myelosuppression, Immunosuppression, Bone Marrow Failure, and Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] • Urinary Tract and Renal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] • Cardiotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] • Pulmonary Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] • Secondary Malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] • Veno-occlusive Liver Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] • Infertility [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) and Use in Specific Populations (8.3 and 8.4)] • Impaired Wound Healing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] • Hyponatremia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)] Adverse reactions reported most often include neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, fever, alopecia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
(6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .
6.1 Common Adverse Reactions Hematopoietic system Neutropenia occurs in patients treated with cyclophosphamide.
The degree of neutropenia is particularly important because it correlates with a reduction in resistance to infections.
Fever without documented infection has been reported in neutropenic patients.
Gastrointestinal system Nausea and vomiting occur with cyclophosphamide therapy.
Anorexia and, less frequently, abdominal discomfort or pain and diarrhea may occur.
There are isolated reports of hemorrhagic colitis, oral mucosal ulceration and jaundice occurring during therapy.
Skin and its structures Alopecia occurs in patients treated with cyclophosphamide.
Skin rash occurs occasionally in patients receiving the drug.
Pigmentation of the skin and changes in nails can occur.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified from clinical trials or post-marketing surveillance.
Because they are reported from a population from unknown size, precise estimates of frequency cannot be made.
Cardiac: cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, cardiogenic shock, pericardial effusion (progressing to cardiac tamponade), myocardial hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure (including fatal outcomes), cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis, carditis, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia, palpitations, QT prolongation.
Congenital, Familial and Genetic : intra-uterine death, fetal malformation, fetal growth retardation, fetal toxicity (including myelosuppression, gastroenteritis).
Ear and Labyrinth: deafness, hearing impaired, tinnitus.
Endocrine: water intoxication.
Eye: visual impairment, conjunctivitis, lacrimation.
Gastrointestinal: gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute pancreatitis, colitis, enteritis, cecitis, stomatitis, constipation, parotid gland inflammation.
General Disorders and Administrative Site Conditions: multiorgan failure, general physical deterioration, influenza-like illness, pyrexia, edema, chest pain, mucosal inflammation, asthenia, pain, chills, fatigue, malaise, headache.
Hematologic: myelosuppression, bone marrow failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemolytic uremic syndrome (with thrombotic microangiopathy).
Hepatic: veno-occlusive liver disease, cholestatic hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis, hepatitis, cholestasis; hepatotoxicity with hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, hepatomegaly, blood bilirubin increased, hepatic function abnormal, hepatic enzymes increased.
Immune: immunosuppression, anaphylactic shock and hypersensitivity reaction.
Infections: The following manifestations have been associated with myelosuppression and immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide: increased risk for and severity of pneumonias (including fatal outcomes), other bacterial, fungal, viral, protozoal and, parasitic infections; reactivation of latent infections, (including viral hepatitis, tuberculosis), Pneumocystis jiroveci , herpes zoster, Strongyloides , sepsis and septic shock.
Investigations: blood lactate dehydrogenase increased, C-reactive protein increased.
Metabolism and Nutrition: hyponatremia, fluid retention, blood glucose increased, blood glucose decreased.
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue : rhabdomyolysis, scleroderma, muscle spasms, myalgia, arthralgia.
Neoplasms: acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, lymphoma, sarcomas, renal cell carcinoma, renal pelvis cancer, bladder cancer, ureteric cancer, thyroid cancer.
Nervous System: encephalopathy, convulsion, dizziness, neurotoxicity has been reported and manifested as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, polyneuropathy, neuralgia, dysesthesia, hypoesthesia, paresthesia, tremor, dysgeusia, hypogeusia, parosmia.
Pregnancy: premature labor.
Psychiatric: confusional state.
Renal and Urinary: renal failure, renal tubular disorder, renal impairment, nephropathy toxic, hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder necrosis, cystitis ulcerative, bladder contracture, hematuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, atypical urinary bladder epithelial cells.
Reproductive System: infertility, ovarian failure, ovarian disorder, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, testicular atrophy, azoospermia, oligospermia.
Respiratory: pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial lung disease as manifested by respiratory failure (including fatal outcomes), obliterative bronchiolitis, organizing pneumonia, alveolitis allergic, pneumonitis, pulmonary hemorrhage; respiratory distress, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, bronchospasm, dyspnea, hypoxia, cough, nasal congestion, nasal discomfort, oropharyngeal pain, rhinorrhea.
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue: toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, radiation recall dermatitis, toxic skin eruption, urticaria, dermatitis, blister, pruritus, erythema, nail disorder, facial swelling, hyperhidrosis.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome : like other cytotoxic drugs, cyclophosphamide may induce tumor-lysis syndrome and hyperuricemia in patients with rapidly growing tumors.
Vascular: pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis, vasculitis, peripheral ischemia, hypertension, hypotension, flushing, hot flush.
• Hypersensitivity [see Contraindications (4)] • Myelosuppression, Immunosuppression, Bone Marrow Failure, and Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] • Urinary Tract and Renal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] • Cardiotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] • Pulmonary Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] • Secondary Malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] • Veno-occlusive Liver Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] • Infertility [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) and Use in Specific Populations (8.3 and 8.4)] • Impaired Wound Healing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] • Hyponatremia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)] Adverse reactions reported most often include neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, fever, alopecia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
(6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .
6.1 Common Adverse Reactions Hematopoietic system Neutropenia occurs in patients treated with cyclophosphamide.
The degree of neutropenia is particularly important because it correlates with a reduction in resistance to infections.
Fever without documented infection has been reported in neutropenic patients.
Gastrointestinal system Nausea and vomiting occur with cyclophosphamide therapy.
Anorexia and, less frequently, abdominal discomfort or pain and diarrhea may occur.
There are isolated reports of hemorrhagic colitis, oral mucosal ulceration and jaundice occurring during therapy.
Skin and its structures Alopecia occurs in patients treated with cyclophosphamide.
Skin rash occurs occasionally in patients receiving the drug.
Pigmentation of the skin and changes in nails can occur.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified from clinical trials or post-marketing surveillance.
Because they are reported from a population from unknown size, precise estimates of frequency cannot be made.
Cardiac: cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, cardiogenic shock, pericardial effusion (progressing to cardiac tamponade), myocardial hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure (including fatal outcomes), cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis, carditis, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia, palpitations, QT prolongation.
Congenital, Familial and Genetic : intra-uterine death, fetal malformation, fetal growth retardation, fetal toxicity (including myelosuppression, gastroenteritis).
Ear and Labyrinth: deafness, hearing impaired, tinnitus.
Endocrine: water intoxication.
Eye: visual impairment, conjunctivitis, lacrimation.
Gastrointestinal: gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute pancreatitis, colitis, enteritis, cecitis, stomatitis, constipation, parotid gland inflammation.
General Disorders and Administrative Site Conditions: multiorgan failure, general physical deterioration, influenza-like illness, pyrexia, edema, chest pain, mucosal inflammation, asthenia, pain, chills, fatigue, malaise, headache.
Hematologic: myelosuppression, bone marrow failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemolytic uremic syndrome (with thrombotic microangiopathy).
Hepatic: veno-occlusive liver disease, cholestatic hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis, hepatitis, cholestasis; hepatotoxicity with hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, hepatomegaly, blood bilirubin increased, hepatic function abnormal, hepatic enzymes increased.
Immune: immunosuppression, anaphylactic shock and hypersensitivity reaction.
Infections: The following manifestations have been associated with myelosuppression and immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide: increased risk for and severity of pneumonias (including fatal outcomes), other bacterial, fungal, viral, protozoal and, parasitic infections; reactivation of latent infections, (including viral hepatitis, tuberculosis), Pneumocystis jiroveci , herpes zoster, Strongyloides , sepsis and septic shock.
Investigations: blood lactate dehydrogenase increased, C-reactive protein increased.
Metabolism and Nutrition: hyponatremia, fluid retention, blood glucose increased, blood glucose decreased.
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue : rhabdomyolysis, scleroderma, muscle spasms, myalgia, arthralgia.
Neoplasms: acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, lymphoma, sarcomas, renal cell carcinoma, renal pelvis cancer, bladder cancer, ureteric cancer, thyroid cancer.
Nervous System: encephalopathy, convulsion, dizziness, neurotoxicity has been reported and manifested as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, polyneuropathy, neuralgia, dysesthesia, hypoesthesia, paresthesia, tremor, dysgeusia, hypogeusia, parosmia.
Pregnancy: premature labor.
Psychiatric: confusional state.
Renal and Urinary: renal failure, renal tubular disorder, renal impairment, nephropathy toxic, hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder necrosis, cystitis ulcerative, bladder contracture, hematuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, atypical urinary bladder epithelial cells.
Reproductive System: infertility, ovarian failure, ovarian disorder, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, testicular atrophy, azoospermia, oligospermia.
Respiratory: pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial lung disease as manifested by respiratory failure (including fatal outcomes), obliterative bronchiolitis, organizing pneumonia, alveolitis allergic, pneumonitis, pulmonary hemorrhage; respiratory distress, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, bronchospasm, dyspnea, hypoxia, cough, nasal congestion, nasal discomfort, oropharyngeal pain, rhinorrhea.
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue: toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, radiation recall dermatitis, toxic skin eruption, urticaria, dermatitis, blister, pruritus, erythema, nail disorder, facial swelling, hyperhidrosis.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome : like other cytotoxic drugs, cyclophosphamide may induce tumor-lysis syndrome and hyperuricemia in patients with rapidly growing tumors.
Vascular: pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis, vasculitis, peripheral ischemia, hypertension, hypotension, flushing, hot flush.