Prucalopride
Generic: PRUCALOPRIDE
Basic Information
Manufacturer
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Route of Administration
ORAL
FDA Set ID
e1e9e36c-ce5a-4323-9d20-395bb5e80e64
Indications & Usage
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Prucalopride tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults.
Prucalopride tablets are a serotonin-4 (5-HT 4 ) receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults.
( 1 )
Prucalopride tablets are a serotonin-4 (5-HT 4 ) receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults.
( 1 )
Adverse Reactions
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions (≥2%) are headache, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal distension, dizziness, vomiting, flatulence, and fatigue.
( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.
at 1-800-962-8364 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The data described below represent 2,530 patients (1,251 received prucalopride 2 mg once daily and 1,279 received placebo) with CIC from 6 double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of 12 weeks to 24 weeks in duration.
In these trials overall, patients were primarily female (76%) and white (76%).
The mean age was 47 years (range 17 to 95 years) [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] .
Common Adverse Reactions Table 2 below summarizes the incidence (%) of common adverse reactions occurring in at least 2% of patients with CIC receiving either 2 mg of prucalopride once daily or placebo and at an incidence greater than in the placebo group from the six double-blind placebo-controlled trials described above.
Table 2: Common Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥2% of patients receiving prucalopride and a rate higher than patients receiving placebo.
in Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials of CIC of at least 12 Weeks Duration Adverse Reaction Prucalopride 2 mg Once Daily N=1,251 Includes 93 patients who started on prucalopride 1 mg and increased to prucalopride 2 mg.
% Placebo N=1,279 % Headache 19 9 Abdominal pain Includes abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, abdominal discomfort, and epigastric discomfort.
16 11 Nausea 14 7 Diarrhea 13 5 Abdominal distension 5 4 Dizziness 4 2 Vomiting 3 2 Flatulence 3 2 Fatigue 2 1 Less Common Adverse Reactions Less common adverse reactions occurring in <2% of patients receiving prucalopride 2 mg once daily include: Gastrointestinal disorders: Abnormal gastrointestinal sounds Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Decreased appetite Nervous system disorders: Migraine Renal and urinary disorders: Pollakiuria Diarrhea Of the patients who reported diarrhea, 70% (110 out of 157) reported it in the first week of treatment.
Diarrhea typically resolved within a few days in 73% (80 out of 110) of those patients.
Severe diarrhea was reported in 1.8% of patients treated with prucalopride 2 mg compared to 1% of patients in the placebo group, and had a similar onset and duration as diarrhea overall.
Headache Of the patients who reported headache, 66% (157 out of 237) treated with prucalopride 2 mg once daily reported onset in the first 2 days of treatment.
Symptoms typically resolved within a few days in 65% (102 out of 157) of those patients.
Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation In the 6 clinical trials described above, 5% of patients treated with 2 mg of prucalopride once daily discontinued due to adverse reactions, compared to 3% of patients in the placebo group.
The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation were nausea (2% prucalopride, 1% placebo), headache (1% prucalopride, 1% placebo), diarrhea (1% prucalopride, <1% placebo), or abdominal pain (1% prucalopride, 1% placebo).
Adverse Reactions of Special Interest Adverse reactions of special interest were evaluated in a pool of 28 completed clinical trials (19 double-blind and 9 open-label) for prucalopride at doses including 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, or 4 mg per day in adult patients with CIC (the recommended dosage of prucalopride for CIC is 2 mg once daily).
The total exposure in the double-blind trials was 565 patient-years in the prucalopride group, 384 patient-years in the placebo group, and 2,769 patient-years in the double-blind and open-label clinical trials.
Cardiovascular Safety Analysis In an evaluation by an independent adjudication committee of all potential major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke, the standardized incidence rate (IR) per 1,000 patient-years for MACE for prucalopride was compared with the IR for placebo.
In the double-blind trials, the IR for MACE was 3.5 (2 patients out of 3,366; 1 patient on 2 mg and 1 patient on 4 mg) in the prucalopride group and 5.2 (2 patients out of 2,019) in the placebo group.
When combining the double-blind and open-label trials, the IR for MACE was 3.3 (9 patients out of 4,472, doses ranging between 0.5 to 4 mg) for prucalopride.
Suicidal Ideation and Behavior In the double-blind trials, one patient reported a suicide attempt 7 days after the end of treatment with prucalopride 2 mg once daily; none were reported in patients on placebo.
In the open-label trials, two patients reported a suicide attempt and another patient reported suicidal ideation.
Completed suicide was reported in two patients, previously treated with prucalopride 2 mg or 4 mg; both discontinued prucalopride for at least one month prior to the event.
Observational Cardiovascular Cohort Study The overall cardiovascular safety of prucalopride was assessed using European healthcare databases in a population-based, retrospective, observational, cohort study of adults with constipation.
New users of prucalopride (N=5,715) were matched to new users of polyethylene glycol 3,350 (PEG) (N=29,372) to estimate the standardized incidence rate ratio (SIRR) for MACE, pooled across four data sources.
The 95% confidence interval for the pooled estimate of the SIRR did not demonstrate an increased MACE risk and excluded a pre-specified safety margin of a three-fold risk of MACE during prucalopride use relative to PEG use.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of prucalopride.
Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Hypersensitivity reactions: Dyspnea, rash, pruritus, urticaria, and facial edema [see Contraindications ( 4 )] .
Psychiatric disorders: Suicide, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, self-injurious ideation, depression, anxiety, insomnia, nightmares, and visual hallucinations [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] .
( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.
at 1-800-962-8364 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The data described below represent 2,530 patients (1,251 received prucalopride 2 mg once daily and 1,279 received placebo) with CIC from 6 double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of 12 weeks to 24 weeks in duration.
In these trials overall, patients were primarily female (76%) and white (76%).
The mean age was 47 years (range 17 to 95 years) [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] .
Common Adverse Reactions Table 2 below summarizes the incidence (%) of common adverse reactions occurring in at least 2% of patients with CIC receiving either 2 mg of prucalopride once daily or placebo and at an incidence greater than in the placebo group from the six double-blind placebo-controlled trials described above.
Table 2: Common Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥2% of patients receiving prucalopride and a rate higher than patients receiving placebo.
in Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials of CIC of at least 12 Weeks Duration Adverse Reaction Prucalopride 2 mg Once Daily N=1,251 Includes 93 patients who started on prucalopride 1 mg and increased to prucalopride 2 mg.
% Placebo N=1,279 % Headache 19 9 Abdominal pain Includes abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, abdominal discomfort, and epigastric discomfort.
16 11 Nausea 14 7 Diarrhea 13 5 Abdominal distension 5 4 Dizziness 4 2 Vomiting 3 2 Flatulence 3 2 Fatigue 2 1 Less Common Adverse Reactions Less common adverse reactions occurring in <2% of patients receiving prucalopride 2 mg once daily include: Gastrointestinal disorders: Abnormal gastrointestinal sounds Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Decreased appetite Nervous system disorders: Migraine Renal and urinary disorders: Pollakiuria Diarrhea Of the patients who reported diarrhea, 70% (110 out of 157) reported it in the first week of treatment.
Diarrhea typically resolved within a few days in 73% (80 out of 110) of those patients.
Severe diarrhea was reported in 1.8% of patients treated with prucalopride 2 mg compared to 1% of patients in the placebo group, and had a similar onset and duration as diarrhea overall.
Headache Of the patients who reported headache, 66% (157 out of 237) treated with prucalopride 2 mg once daily reported onset in the first 2 days of treatment.
Symptoms typically resolved within a few days in 65% (102 out of 157) of those patients.
Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation In the 6 clinical trials described above, 5% of patients treated with 2 mg of prucalopride once daily discontinued due to adverse reactions, compared to 3% of patients in the placebo group.
The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation were nausea (2% prucalopride, 1% placebo), headache (1% prucalopride, 1% placebo), diarrhea (1% prucalopride, <1% placebo), or abdominal pain (1% prucalopride, 1% placebo).
Adverse Reactions of Special Interest Adverse reactions of special interest were evaluated in a pool of 28 completed clinical trials (19 double-blind and 9 open-label) for prucalopride at doses including 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, or 4 mg per day in adult patients with CIC (the recommended dosage of prucalopride for CIC is 2 mg once daily).
The total exposure in the double-blind trials was 565 patient-years in the prucalopride group, 384 patient-years in the placebo group, and 2,769 patient-years in the double-blind and open-label clinical trials.
Cardiovascular Safety Analysis In an evaluation by an independent adjudication committee of all potential major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke, the standardized incidence rate (IR) per 1,000 patient-years for MACE for prucalopride was compared with the IR for placebo.
In the double-blind trials, the IR for MACE was 3.5 (2 patients out of 3,366; 1 patient on 2 mg and 1 patient on 4 mg) in the prucalopride group and 5.2 (2 patients out of 2,019) in the placebo group.
When combining the double-blind and open-label trials, the IR for MACE was 3.3 (9 patients out of 4,472, doses ranging between 0.5 to 4 mg) for prucalopride.
Suicidal Ideation and Behavior In the double-blind trials, one patient reported a suicide attempt 7 days after the end of treatment with prucalopride 2 mg once daily; none were reported in patients on placebo.
In the open-label trials, two patients reported a suicide attempt and another patient reported suicidal ideation.
Completed suicide was reported in two patients, previously treated with prucalopride 2 mg or 4 mg; both discontinued prucalopride for at least one month prior to the event.
Observational Cardiovascular Cohort Study The overall cardiovascular safety of prucalopride was assessed using European healthcare databases in a population-based, retrospective, observational, cohort study of adults with constipation.
New users of prucalopride (N=5,715) were matched to new users of polyethylene glycol 3,350 (PEG) (N=29,372) to estimate the standardized incidence rate ratio (SIRR) for MACE, pooled across four data sources.
The 95% confidence interval for the pooled estimate of the SIRR did not demonstrate an increased MACE risk and excluded a pre-specified safety margin of a three-fold risk of MACE during prucalopride use relative to PEG use.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of prucalopride.
Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Hypersensitivity reactions: Dyspnea, rash, pruritus, urticaria, and facial edema [see Contraindications ( 4 )] .
Psychiatric disorders: Suicide, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, self-injurious ideation, depression, anxiety, insomnia, nightmares, and visual hallucinations [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] .