1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, a CNS stimulant, are indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

( 1 ) • Children (ages 6-12): Efficacy was established in one 3-week outpatient, controlled trial and one analogue classroom, controlled trial in children with ADHD.

( 14 ) • Adolescents (ages 13-17): Efficacy was established in one 4-week controlled trial in adolescents with ADHD.

( 14 ) • Adults: Efficacy was established in one 4-week controlled trial in adults with ADHD.

( 14 ) 1.1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The efficacy of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in the treatment of ADHD was established on the basis of two controlled trials in children aged 6 to 12, one controlled trial in adolescents aged 13 to 17, and one controlled trial in adults who met DSM-IV ® criteria for ADHD [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] .

A diagnosis of ADHD (DSM-IV ® ) implies the presence of hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that caused impairment and were present before age 7 years.

The symptoms must cause clinically significant impairment, e.g., in social, academic, or occupational functioning, and be present in two or more settings, e.g., school (or work) and at home.

The symptoms must not be better accounted for by another mental disorder.

For the Inattentive Type, at least six of the following symptoms must have persisted for at least 6 months: lack of attention to details/careless mistakes; lack of sustained attention; poor listener; failure to follow through on tasks; poor organization; avoids tasks requiring sustained mental effort; loses things; easily distracted; forgetful.

For the Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, at least six of the following symptoms must have persisted for at least 6 months: fidgeting/squirming; leaving seat; inappropriate running/climbing; difficulty with quiet activities; "on the go;" excessive talking; blurting answers; can't wait turn; intrusive.

The Combined Type requires both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive criteria to be met.

Special Diagnostic Considerations Specific etiology of this syndrome is unknown, and there is no single diagnostic test.

Adequate diagnosis requires the use not only of medical but of special psychological, educational, and social resources.

Learning may or may not be impaired.

The diagnosis must be based upon a complete history and evaluation of the patient and not solely on the presence of the required number of DSM-IV ® characteristics.

Need for Comprehensive Treatment Program Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules are indicated as an integral part of a total treatment program for ADHD that may include other measures (psychological, educational, social) for patients with this syndrome.

Drug treatment may not be indicated for all patients with this syndrome.

Stimulants are not intended for use in the patient who exhibits symptoms secondary to environmental factors and/or other primary psychiatric disorders, including psychosis.

Appropriate educational placement is essential and psychosocial intervention is often helpful.

When remedial measures alone are insufficient, the decision to prescribe stimulant medication will depend upon the physician's assessment of the chronicity and severity of the child's symptoms.

Long-Term Use The effectiveness of dextroamphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules for long-term use, i.e., for more than 3 weeks in children and 4 weeks in adolescents and adults, has not been systematically evaluated in controlled trials.

Therefore, the physician who elects to use dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules for extended periods should periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

• Children (ages 6 to 12): Most common adverse reactions (≥5% and with a higher incidence than on placebo) were loss of appetite, insomnia, abdominal pain, emotional lability, vomiting, nervousness, nausea, and fever.

( 6.1 ) • Adolescents (ages 13 to 17): Most common adverse reactions (≥5% and with a higher incidence than on placebo) were loss of appetite, insomnia, abdominal pain, weight loss, and nervousness.

( 6.1 ) • Adults: Most common adverse reactions ≥5% and with a higher incidence than on placebo were dry mouth, loss of appetite, insomnia, headache, weight loss, nausea, anxiety, agitation, dizziness, tachycardia, diarrhea, asthenia, and urinary tract infections.

( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amerigen Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

at 1-877-220-3784 or www.amerigenpharmaceuticals.com or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience The premarketing development program for dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules included exposures in a total of 1315 participants in clinical trials (635 pediatric patients, 350 adolescent patients, 248 adult patients, and 82 healthy adult subjects).

Of these, 635 patients (ages 6 to 12) were evaluated in two controlled clinical studies, one open-label clinical study, and two single-dose clinical pharmacology studies (N= 40).

Safety data on all patients are included in the discussion that follows.

Adverse reactions were assessed by collecting adverse reactions, results of physical examinations, vital signs, weights, laboratory analyses, and ECGs.

Adverse reactions during exposure were obtained primarily by general inquiry and recorded by clinical investigators using terminology of their own choosing.

Consequently, it is not possible to provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals experiencing adverse reactions without first grouping similar types of reactions into a smaller number of standardized event categories.

In the tables and listings that follow, COSTART terminology has been used to classify reported adverse reactions.

The stated frequencies of adverse reactions represent the proportion of individuals who experienced, at least once, a treatment-emergent adverse event of the type listed.

Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation of Treatment In two placebo-controlled studies of up to 5 weeks duration among children with ADHD, 2.4% (10/425) of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsule-treated patients discontinued due to adverse reactions (including 3 patients with loss of appetite, one of whom also reported insomnia) compared to 2.7% (7/259) receiving placebo.

The most frequent adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules in controlled and uncontrolled, multiple-dose clinical trials of children (N=595) were anorexia (loss of appetite) (2.9%), insomnia (1.5%), weight loss (1.2%), emotional lability (1%), and depression (0.7%).

Over half of these patients were exposed to dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules for 12 months or more.

In a separate placebo-controlled 4-week study in adolescents with ADHD, five patients (2.1%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events among dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsule-treated patients (N=233) compared to none who received placebo (N=54).

The most frequent adverse event leading to discontinuation and considered to be drug-related (i.e.

leading to discontinuation in at least 1% of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsule-treated patients and at a rate at least twice that of placebo) was insomnia (1.3%, n=3).

In one placebo-controlled 4-week study among adults with ADHD with doses 20 mg to 60 mg, 23 patients (12.0%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events among dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsule-treated patients (N=191) compared to one patient (1.6%) who received placebo (N=64).

The most frequent adverse events leading to discontinuation and considered to be drug-related (i.e.

leading to discontinuation in at least 1% of dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsule-treated patients and at a rate at least twice that of placebo) were insomnia (5.2%, n=10), anxiety (2.1%, n=4), nervousness (1.6%, n=3), dry mouth (1.6%, n=3), anorexia (1.6%, n=3), tachycardia (1.6%, n=3), headache (1.6%, n=3), and asthenia (1.0%, n=2).

Adverse Reactions Occurring in Controlled Trials Adverse reactions reported in a 3-week clinical trial of children and a 4-week clinical trial in adolescents and adults, respectively, treated with dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules or placebo are presented in the tables below.

Table 1 Adverse Reactions Reported by 2% or More of Children (6-12 Years Old) Receiving Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules with Higher Incidence Than on Placebo in a 584-Patient Clinical Study Body System Preferred Term Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules (n=374) Placebo (n=210) General Abdominal Pain (stomachache) Fever Infection Accidental Injury Asthenia (fatigue) 14% 5% 4% 3% 2% 10% 2% 2% 2% 0% Digestive System Loss of Appetite Vomiting Nausea Dyspepsia 22% 7% 5% 2% 2% 4% 3% 1% Nervous System Insomnia Emotional Lability Nervousness Dizziness 17% 9% 6% 2% 2% 2% 2% 0% Metabolic/Nutritional Weight Loss 4% 0% Table 2 Adverse Reactions Reported by 5% or More of Adolescents (13-17 Years Old) Weighing ≤ 75 kg/165 lbs Receiving Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules with Higher Incidence Than Placebo in a 287 Patient Clinical Forced Weekly-Dose Titration Study* Body System Preferred Term Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules (n=233) Placebo (n=54) General Abdominal Pain (stomachache) 11% 2% Digestive System Loss of Appetite b 36% 2% Nervous System Insomnia b Nervousness 12% 6% 4% 6% a Metabolic/Nutritional Weight Loss b 9% 0% *Included doses up to 40 mg a Appears the same due to rounding b Dose-related adverse reactions Note: The following reactions did not meet the criterion for inclusion in Table 2 but were reported by 2% to 4% of adolescent patients receiving dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with a higher incidence than patients receiving placebo in this study: accidental injury, asthenia (fatigue), dry mouth, dyspepsia, emotional lability, nausea, somnolence, and vomiting.

Table 3 Adverse Reactions Reported by 5% or More of Adults Receiving Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules with Higher Incidence Than on Placebo in a 255 Patient Clinical Forced Weekly-Dose Titration Study* Body System Preferred Term Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules (n=191) Placebo (n=64) General Headache Asthenia 26% 6% 13% 5% Digestive System Dry Mouth Loss of Appetite Nausea Diarrhea 35% 33% 8% 6% 5% 3% 3% 0% Nervous System Insomnia Agitation Anxiety Dizziness Nervousness 27% 8% 8% 7% 13% 13% 5% 5% 0% 13% a Cardiovascular System Tachycardia 6% 3% Metabolic/Nutritional Weight Loss 10% 0% Urogenital System Urinary Tract Infection 5% 0% *Included doses up to 60 mg.

a Appears the same due to rounding Note: The following reactions did not meet the criterion for inclusion in Table 3 but were reported by 2% to 4% of adult patients receiving dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules with a higher incidence than patients receiving placebo in this study: infection, photosensitivity reaction, constipation, tooth disorder (e.g., teeth clenching, tooth infection), emotional lability, libido decreased, somnolence, speech disorder (e.g., stuttering, excessive speech), palpitation, twitching, dyspnea, sweating, dysmenorrhea, and impotence.

Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] In a controlled 4-week outpatient clinical study of adolescents with ADHD, isolated systolic blood pressure elevations ≥15 mmHg were observed in 7/64 (11%) placebo-treated patients and 7/100 (7%) patients receiving dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules 10 or 20 mg.

Isolated elevations in diastolic blood pressure ≥ 8 mmHg were observed in 16/64 (25%) placebo-treated patients and 22/100 (22%) dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsule-treated patients.

Similar results were observed at higher doses.

In a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in 23 adolescents with ADHD, isolated increases in systolic blood pressure (above the upper 95% CI for age, gender, and stature) were observed in 2/17 (12%) and 8/23 (35%), subjects administered 10 mg and 20 mg dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, respectively.

Higher single doses were associated with a greater increase in systolic blood pressure.

All increases were transient, appeared maximal at 2 to 4 hours post dose and not associated with symptoms.

6.2 Adverse Reactions Associated with the Use of Amphetamine, Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, and Amphetamine Sulfate Extended-Release Capsules, or Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, and Amphetamine Sulfate Tablets The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of amphetamine, dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules, or dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate tablets.

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Cardiovascular Palpitations.

There have been isolated reports of cardiomyopathy associated with chronic amphetamine use.

Central Nervous System Psychotic episodes at recommended doses, overstimulation, restlessness, irritability, euphoria, dyskinesia, dysphoria, depression, tremor, tics, aggression, anger, logorrhea, dermatillomania, paresthesia (including formication), and bruxism.

Eye Disorders Vision blurred, mydriasis.

Gastrointestinal Unpleasant taste, constipation, other gastrointestinal disturbances.

Allergic Urticaria, rash, hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema and anaphylaxis.

Serious skin rashes, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported.

Endocrine Impotence, changes in libido, frequent or prolonged erections.

Skin Alopecia.

Vascular Disorders Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders Rhabdomyolysis