Cyanokit
Generic: HYDROXOCOBALAMIN
Basic Information
Manufacturer
BTG INTERNATIONAL INC.
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Route of Administration
INTRAVENOUS
FDA Set ID
d56fcc8d-bd64-46ab-b0c0-2124bd745a6b
Indications & Usage
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE CYANOKIT is indicated for the treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning.
CYANOKIT is indicated for the treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning.
( 1 )
CYANOKIT is indicated for the treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning.
( 1 )
Adverse Reactions
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Serious adverse reactions with hydroxocobalamin include allergic reactions, renal injury, and increases in blood pressure [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 , 5.3 , 5.4 )].
Most common adverse reactions (>5%) include transient chromaturia, erythema, oxalate crystals in urine, rash, increased blood pressure, nausea, headache, and infusion site reactions.
( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS contact BTG at 1-877-377-3784, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1 Clinical Studies Experience Experience in Healthy Subjects Because clinical trials were conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-ascending-dose (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 g) study was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of hydroxocobalamin in 136 healthy adult subjects.
Because of the dark red color of hydroxocobalamin, the two most frequently occurring adverse reactions were chromaturia (red-colored urine) which was reported in all subjects receiving a 5 g dose or greater; and erythema (skin redness), which occurred in most subjects receiving a 5 g dose or greater.
Adverse reactions reported in at least 5% of the 5 g dose group and corresponding rates in the 10 g and placebo groups are shown in Table 3 .
Table 3 Incidence of Adverse Reactions Occurring in >5% of Subjects in 5 g Dose Group and Corresponding Incidence in 10 g Dose Group and Placebo * Rashes were predominantly acneiform ADR 5 g Dose Group 10 g Dose Group Hydroxocobalamin N=66 n (%) Placebo N=22 n (%) Hydroxocobalamin N=18 n (%) Placebo N=6 n (%) Chromaturia (red colored urine) 66 (100) 0 18 (100) 0 Erythema 62 (94) 0 18 (100) 0 Oxalate crystals in urine 40 (61) 1 (5) 10 (56) 0 Rash* 13 (20) 0 8 (44) 0 Blood pressure increased 12 (18) 0 5 (28) 0 Nausea 4 (6) 1 (5) 2 (11) 0 Headache 4 (6) 1 (5) 6 (33) 0 Lymphocyte percent decreased 5 (8) 0 3 (17) 0 Infusion site reaction 4 (6) 0 7 (39) 0 In this study, the following adverse reactions were reported to have occurred in a dose-dependent fashion and with greater frequency than observed in placebo-treated cohorts: increased blood pressure (particularly diastolic blood pressure), rash, nausea, headache and infusion site reactions.
All were mild to moderate in severity and resolved spontaneously when the infusion was terminated or with standard supportive therapies.
Other adverse reactions reported in this study and considered clinically relevant were: Eye disorders: swelling, irritation, redness Gastrointestinal disorders: dysphagia, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, hematochezia General disorders and administration site conditions: peripheral edema, chest discomfort Immune system disorders: allergic reaction Nervous system disorders: memory impairment, dizziness Psychiatric disorders: restlessness Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea, throat tightness, dry throat Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: urticaria, pruritus Vascular disorders: hot flush Experience in Known or Suspected Cyanide Poisoning Victims Four open-label, uncontrolled, clinical studies (one of which was prospective and three of which were retrospective) were conducted in known or suspected cyanide-poisoning victims.
A total of 245 patients received hydroxocobalamin treatment in these studies.
Systematic collection of adverse events was not done in all of these studies and interpretation of causality is limited due to the lack of a control group and due to circumstances of administration (e.g., use in fire victims).
Adverse reactions reported in these studies listed by system organ class included: Cardiac disorders: ventricular extrasystoles Investigations: electrocardiogram repolarization abnormality, heart rate increased Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: pleural effusion Adverse reactions common to both the studies in known or suspected cyanide poisoning victims and the study in healthy volunteers are listed in the healthy volunteer section only and are not duplicated in this list.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of CYANOKIT.
Because adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency.
Cases of acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis, renal impairment, and urine calcium oxalate crystals have been reported in patients treated with CYANOKIT.
Most common adverse reactions (>5%) include transient chromaturia, erythema, oxalate crystals in urine, rash, increased blood pressure, nausea, headache, and infusion site reactions.
( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS contact BTG at 1-877-377-3784, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1 Clinical Studies Experience Experience in Healthy Subjects Because clinical trials were conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-ascending-dose (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 g) study was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of hydroxocobalamin in 136 healthy adult subjects.
Because of the dark red color of hydroxocobalamin, the two most frequently occurring adverse reactions were chromaturia (red-colored urine) which was reported in all subjects receiving a 5 g dose or greater; and erythema (skin redness), which occurred in most subjects receiving a 5 g dose or greater.
Adverse reactions reported in at least 5% of the 5 g dose group and corresponding rates in the 10 g and placebo groups are shown in Table 3 .
Table 3 Incidence of Adverse Reactions Occurring in >5% of Subjects in 5 g Dose Group and Corresponding Incidence in 10 g Dose Group and Placebo * Rashes were predominantly acneiform ADR 5 g Dose Group 10 g Dose Group Hydroxocobalamin N=66 n (%) Placebo N=22 n (%) Hydroxocobalamin N=18 n (%) Placebo N=6 n (%) Chromaturia (red colored urine) 66 (100) 0 18 (100) 0 Erythema 62 (94) 0 18 (100) 0 Oxalate crystals in urine 40 (61) 1 (5) 10 (56) 0 Rash* 13 (20) 0 8 (44) 0 Blood pressure increased 12 (18) 0 5 (28) 0 Nausea 4 (6) 1 (5) 2 (11) 0 Headache 4 (6) 1 (5) 6 (33) 0 Lymphocyte percent decreased 5 (8) 0 3 (17) 0 Infusion site reaction 4 (6) 0 7 (39) 0 In this study, the following adverse reactions were reported to have occurred in a dose-dependent fashion and with greater frequency than observed in placebo-treated cohorts: increased blood pressure (particularly diastolic blood pressure), rash, nausea, headache and infusion site reactions.
All were mild to moderate in severity and resolved spontaneously when the infusion was terminated or with standard supportive therapies.
Other adverse reactions reported in this study and considered clinically relevant were: Eye disorders: swelling, irritation, redness Gastrointestinal disorders: dysphagia, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, hematochezia General disorders and administration site conditions: peripheral edema, chest discomfort Immune system disorders: allergic reaction Nervous system disorders: memory impairment, dizziness Psychiatric disorders: restlessness Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea, throat tightness, dry throat Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: urticaria, pruritus Vascular disorders: hot flush Experience in Known or Suspected Cyanide Poisoning Victims Four open-label, uncontrolled, clinical studies (one of which was prospective and three of which were retrospective) were conducted in known or suspected cyanide-poisoning victims.
A total of 245 patients received hydroxocobalamin treatment in these studies.
Systematic collection of adverse events was not done in all of these studies and interpretation of causality is limited due to the lack of a control group and due to circumstances of administration (e.g., use in fire victims).
Adverse reactions reported in these studies listed by system organ class included: Cardiac disorders: ventricular extrasystoles Investigations: electrocardiogram repolarization abnormality, heart rate increased Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: pleural effusion Adverse reactions common to both the studies in known or suspected cyanide poisoning victims and the study in healthy volunteers are listed in the healthy volunteer section only and are not duplicated in this list.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of CYANOKIT.
Because adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency.
Cases of acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis, renal impairment, and urine calcium oxalate crystals have been reported in patients treated with CYANOKIT.