{"id":1605,"date":"2023-06-25T17:27:16","date_gmt":"2023-06-25T17:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/acetazolamide\/"},"modified":"2023-06-25T19:58:08","modified_gmt":"2023-06-25T19:58:08","slug":"acetazolamide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/acetazolamide\/","title":{"rendered":"Acetazolamide"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Acetazolamide<\/h1>\n

CLINICAL USE<\/h3>\n

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor:<\/p>\n

  • Glaucoma<\/li>\n
  • Diuretic<\/li>\n
  • Epilepsy
    \n

    DOSE IN NORMAL RENAL FUNCTION<\/h3>\n

    Glaucoma\/Epilepsy: 0.25\u20131 g daily in divided dosesDiuretic: 250\u2013375 mg daily<\/p>\n

    PHARMACOKINETICS<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n
  • Molecular weight                           :222.2<\/li>\n
  • %Protein binding                           :70\u201390<\/li>\n
  • %Excreted unchanged in urine     : 100<\/li>\n
  • Volume of distribution (L\/kg)       :0.2<\/li>\n
  • half-life \u2013 normal\/ESRD (hrs)      :3\u20136\/26
    \n

    DOSE IN RENAL IMPAIRMENT<\/h3>\n

    GFR (mL\/MIN)<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  • 20 to 50     : 250 mg up to 4 times a day<\/li>\n
  • 10 to 20     : 250 mg up to twice a day<\/li>\n
  • <10           : 250 mg daily
    \n

    DOSE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPIES<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n
  • CAPD                :Not dialysed. Dose as in GFR <10 mL\/min<\/li>\n
  • HD                     :Unlikely dialysability. Dose as in GFR <10 mL\/min.<\/li>\n
  • HDF\/high flux   :Unknown dialysability. Dose as in GFR <10 mL\/min<\/li>\n
  • CAV\/VVHD      :Unknown dialysability. Dose as in GFR 10 to 20 mL\/min
    \n

    IMPORTANT DRUG INTERACTIONS<\/h3>\n

    Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs<\/li>\n

  • Analgesics: high dose aspirin reduces excretion (risk of toxicity)<\/li>\n
  • Anti-arrhythmics: increased toxicity if hypokalaemia occursAntibacterials: effects of methenamine antagonised<\/li>\n
  • Anti-epileptics: increased risk of osteomalacia with phenytoin, primidone and phenobarbital; concentration of carbamazepine increased and primidone reduced<\/li>\n
  • Antihypertensives: enhanced hypotensive effect<\/li>\n
  • Antipsychotics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias due to hypokalaemia<\/li>\n
  • Atomoxetine: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias due to hypokalaemia<\/li>\n
  • Beta-blockers: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias due to hypokalaemia with sotalol<\/li>\n
  • Cardiac glycosides: increased toxicity if hypokalaemia occurs<\/li>\n
  • Lithium: lithium excretion increased
    \n

    ADMINISTRATION<\/h3>\n

    Reconstition<\/h4>\n

    Add at least 5 mL of water for injection<\/p>\n

    Route<\/h4>\n

    Oral, IM, IV<\/p>\n

    Rate of Administration<\/h4>\n

    Give slow IV<\/p>\n

    Comments<\/h4>\n

    Avoid IM due to alkaline pH Monitor for signs of extravasation and skin necrosis during administration<\/p>\n

    OTHER INFORMATION<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  • Use cautioned in severe renal failure<\/li>\n
  • Acetazolamide sodium (Diamox) parenteral contains 2.36 millimoles of sodium per vial<\/li>\n
  • Severe metabolic acidosis may occur in the elderly and in patients with reduced renal function<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Acetazolamide CLINICAL USE Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: Glaucoma Diuretic Epilepsy DOSE<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[7],"class_list":["post-1605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-post-by-auto-php"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1605"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2922,"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1605\/revisions\/2922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kidneydiseaseclinic.net\/kdc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}