Overactive bladder Stress incontinence Total incontinence Urge incontinence There are various types of urinary incontinence, which is the involuntary passing of urine.
The main types are: stress incontinence, in which urine leaks when the bladder is under pressure (for example, while coughing or sneezing); urge incontinence, when urine leaks immediately after a sudden urge to urinate; overactive bladder, in which there is a frequent, urgent need to urinate; nocturia, with frequent waking at night in order to urinate; and total incontinence, when there is no bladder control at all.
There are many possible causes for incontinence, including weakness, damage, or overactivity of the muscles that control urine flow; various diseases, such as urinary tract infections, nervous system disorders, bladder stones, or, in men, an enlarged prostate gland; the effects of certain medications; or simply drinking too much caffeine or alcohol. Treatment of incontinence depends on the type and cause.
It may involve lifestyle changes; pelvic floor exercises to strengthen muscles involved in urinating; bladder training (techniques to delay urination); medication; or, occasionally, surgery.