Schizophrenia is a serious mental health disorder in which there are distortions in thinking and perceptions of reality, disturbed emotions, and changes in behavior. The cause of the condition is unknown, but genetic factors are known to play a part: a person who is closely related to somebody with schizophrenia has a significantly increased risk of developing the disorder.
Additionally, in susceptible people, schizophrenia may be triggered by factors such as stress or drug abuse. Symptoms of schizophrenia usually develop gradually.
They may include hallucinations; irrational beliefs, in particular, that thoughts and actions are controlled by an outside force; delusions of persecution; and expression of inappropriate emotions. There may also be rambling speech, with rapid switching from one topic to another; disordered thoughts; and agitation.
A person with schizophrenia may become depressed and socially withdrawn.
Treatment is usually with a combination of antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy, together with social support and rehabilitation. In most cases, schizophrenia is a long-term condition.