rifampicin.txt

CLINICAL USE

Antibacterial agent:Tuberculosis Staphylococcal infection

DOSE IN NORMAL RENAL FUNCTION

600–1200 mg daily in 2–4 divided doses

PHARMACOKINETICS

Molecular weight &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp :822.9

%Protein binding &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp :80

%Excreted unchanged in urine &nbsp &nbsp : 15–30

Volume of distribution (L/kg) &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp :0.64–0.66

half-life – normal/ESRD (hrs)&nbsp &nbsp &nbsp :2–5/1.8–11

DOSE IN RENAL IMPAIRMENT

GFR (mL/MIN)

20 to 50 &nbsp &nbsp : Dose as in normal renal function

10 to 20 &nbsp &nbsp : Dose as in normal renal function

<10 &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp : 50% – 100% of normal dose

DOSE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPIES

CAPD &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp:Not dialysed. Dose as in GFR <10 mL/min

HD &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp :Not dialysed. Dose as in GFR <10 mL/min

HDF/high flux &nbsp :Not dialysed. Dose as in GFR <10 mL/min

CAV/VVHD &nbsp &nbsp &nbsp:Unknown dialysability. Dose as in normal renal function

IMPORTANT DRUG INTERACTIONS

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs

Anti-arrhythmics: metabolism of disopyramide, mexiletine and propafenone accelerated

Antibacterials: reduced concentration of chloramphenicol, clarithromycin, dapsone, trimethoprim and telithromycin – avoid with telithromycin; monitor LFTs in combination with quinupristin/dalfopristin; concentration increased by clarithromycin and other macrolides

Anticoagulants: reduced anticoagulant effect of coumarinsAntidiabetics: reduced antidiabetic effect of chlorpropamide and tolbutamide; concentration of rosiglitazone, nateglinide and repaglinide reduced – may need to increase dose of rosiglitazone; possibly reduced antidiabetic effect with sulphonylureas

Anti-epileptics: reduced concentration of phenytoin and lamotrigine

Antifungals: concentration of both drugs may be reduced with ketoconazole; reduced concentration of fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole and terbinafine; concentration of voriconazole reduced – avoid concomitant use; initially increases then reduces caspofungin concentration

Antipsychotics: reduced concentration of haloperidol, aripiprazole and clozapine – increase dose of aripiprazole

Antivirals: concentration of abacavir and tipranavir possibly reduced – avoid with tipranavir; concentration of amprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, nevirapine and saquinavir reduced – avoid; concentration of efavirenz reduced – increase dose of efavirenz; avoid with zidovudineAtovaquone: concentration of atovaquone reduced (possible therapeutic failure of atovaquone)Bosentan: reduced bosentan concentration – avoid

Calcium-channel blockers: metabolism of diltiazem, verapamil, isradipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine and nimodipine accelerated

Ciclosporin: markedly reduced levels (danger of transplant rejection); ciclosporin dose may need increasing 5-fold or moreCorticosteroids: reduced level of corticosteroids – double steroid dose. Give as twice daily dosageCytotoxics: reduced concentration of erlotinib, sunitinib, dasatinib and imatinib – avoid with imatinib

Diuretics: concentration of eplerenone reduced – avoidOestrogens and progestogens: reduced contraceptive effect due to increased metabolism

Tacrolimus: reduced tacrolimus concentrationSirolimus: reduced sirolimus concentration.646 riFAMPiCin

ADMINISTRATION

Reconstition

Use solvent provided

Route

Oral, IV

Rate of Administration

2–3 hours

Comments

Dilute in 500 mL glucose 5% or sodium chloride 0.9%For central administration, 600 mg in 100 mL glucose 5% over 0.5–2 hours has been used (unlicensed). Stable for up to 24 hours at room temperature

OTHER INFORMATION

Some units give dose in concentrations up to 60 mg/mL (in its own solvent) over 10 minutes, on prescriber’s responsibilityMay cause acute interstitial nephritis, potassium wasting or renal tubular defectsReduce dose if LFTs are abnormal or patient <45 kgAbsorption from gastrointestinal tract can be reduced by up to 80% by the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract
CAPD exit site infections: 300 mg twice daily for 4 weeks has been usedRifampicin is excreted into
CAPD fluid causing an orange/yellow colourMonitor rifampicin levels if necessary In severe renal impairment there is no increase in half-life at doses less than 600 mg daily.

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