In kidney failure, the kidneys do not function normally and there is a build-up of waste products and water in the body, disrupting the body’s chemical balance. Kidney failure may occur suddenly (which is referred to as acute kidney injury) or more gradually (called chronic kidney disease).
Acute kidney damage may occur as a result of conditions such as infection, dehydration, very low blood pressure, a heart disorder such as heart failure , the effects of certain medications or poisons, or an underlying problem with the urinary system.
Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, a greatly reduced amount of urine, back pain, build-up of fluid in the body, drowsiness, and confusion.
Untreated, acute kidney injury may be life-threatening. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but may include rehydration with intravenous fluids, and in severe cases, kidney dialysis.