Hypertension is one of the most common problems that can severely harm the kidneys. Uncontrolled high blood pressure is not only the second leading cause of CKD in the United States, but also a symptom of the disease. Sixty-six percent of all patients with CKD are hypertensive.Severe hypertension causes kidney malfunction over a relatively short period, but even mild forms of hypertension can damage kidneys over several years, sometimes with no symptoms evident until there is serious damage.About 73 million Americans (3 in 10) have hypertension. Unfortunately, despite increasing prevalence of hypertension, one-third to half of patients are not aware they have it, and as few as 11% of patients may be receiving treatment for it.The American Society of Hypertension states “…hypertension can no longer be considered as a single disease entity. While hypertension is the most prevalent cause of stroke and kidney failure, hypertension must be recognized as part of a bigger disease conglomerate almost always accompanied by obesity, diabetes, kidney disease or many other co-existing problems involving lifestyle or genetics.”Certain individuals have a greater risk of developing the disease, such as older persons, people with a family history, people who are overweight, and some racesHypertension can affect anyone at any age. Even children have it, although it is less common in younger age groups. Uncontrolled hypertension increases the risk of heart attacks and stroke. When the disease is controlled, the threat of these complications is greatly reduced.Many effective medications are available for treating hypertension. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, dietary changes, weight loss, and regular exercise are key factors in regulating blood pressure.Public policy initiatives targeted at early identification, controlling risk factors, and early intervention in those with hypertension can reduce the serious long-term effects of this disease on the population, and the significant economic burden on individuals and society. Research into the causes and treatment of diabetes is also critical.