In this condition, small blood vessels in the extremities suddenly narrow, restricting blood flow. In most cases, the underlying cause is unknown and the condition is known as Raynaud’s disease.
If there is an identifiable cause, it is called Raynaud’s phenomenon. Often the conditions are simply known collectively as Raynaud’s. Possible causes of Raynaud’s include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), scleroderma (an immune disorder that affects the skin), taking certain medications, and hand–arm vibration syndrome. Symptoms may be triggered by cold temperatures, stress, and smoking.
The fingers, toes, ears, or nose whiten, cool, and turn blue as the blood vessels narrow.
The vessels then widen again and blood flow increases, turning the tissues red.
There may also be numbness, pain, and tingling. In severe cases, Raynaud’s may lead to skin ulcers or gangrene (tissue death).
Symptoms can be avoided by keeping the extremities warm, and also by not smoking.
Medication may be prescribed in severe cases.