Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease in which there is gradual degeneration of the cartilage that covers the bone ends in joints, causing pain and stiffness. In a normal joint, the bone ends are protected by a smooth layer of cartilage and lubricated by synovial fluid.
In osteoarthritis, the cartilage becomes worn or frayed, causing friction between the bone ends, which results in inflammation, pain, and excess fluid production.
Bony growths (osteophytes) may also develop around the joint, further increasing friction and limiting the range of motion. Eventually, the cartilage becomes so worn that bone grinds on bone. There is no cure for osteoarthritis.
Treatment involves pain relievers, medications to reduce inflammation, exercise, and physical therapy.
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the join