In diabetic retinopathy, the small blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive layer of the eye) become damaged as a result of high blood glucose (sugar) levels. Initially, the vessels develop bulges and leak small amounts of fluid and blood.
Later, more severe bleeding occurs, and scar tissue and fragile new blood vessels develop on the retina. The condition usually affects both eyes. Initially, it may not affect vision, but it can progress quickly and lead to loss of vision.
The longer a person has had diabetes and the less it is controlled, the greater the risk of developing the condition. Treatment can usually halt progress of the condition but not restore any vision already los