In chronic kidney disease, there is a gradual and progressive loss of function affecting both kidneys. It is usually caused by a long-term condition, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney infection, or longstanding obstruction to urine flow—for example, due to an enlarged prostate gland .
It may also occur with prolonged use of some medications and the inherited disorder polycystic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease typically produces few symptoms until it is advanced, when tiredness; weakness; nausea; itching; blood in the urine; and swelling of the ankles, feet, or hands may occur.
Treatment is directed at the underlying cause. In severe cases, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be needed.